Publicación: La excepción española: el fracaso de los grupos de derecha populista pese al paro, la desigualdad y la inmigración
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2017
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Real Instituto Elcano
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España es excepcional en el panorama político europeo actual, en el que los grupos populistas de derecha, xenófobos, antieuropeos y antiglobalización obtienen relevantes triunfos electorales: a pesar de la crisis económica y de la rápida erosión de la confianza política, en España no ha habido ningún partido populista de derechas que haya obtenido más del 1% del voto en las elecciones generales de los últimos años. ¿Cómo se podría explicar la extraordinaria ausencia de un partido populista de derechas con éxito electoral en España?Utilizando datos publicados (estadísticas y sondeos de opinión), consultas a expertos y resultados de una encuesta original, este estudio de caso analiza diversos factores que influyen en el fracaso del populismo de derechas en España, pese a que el país reúne todos los elementos que suelen presentarse como causa del auge de este tipo de partidos: paro, desigualdad, pobreza, inmigración y descrédito de la clase política. Se analizan varias explicaciones, entre ellas la debilidad de la identidad nacional y el fuerte europeísmo de los españoles.Este informe forma parte del proyecto de investigación Nothing to fear but fear itself?(¿Nada que temer salvo al propio miedo?), una iniciativa del centro de investigación británico Demos, que incluye seis países: Alemania, Polonia, Francia, el Reino Unido, Suecia y España. El informe completo está disponible en (https://www.demos.co.uk/project/nothing-to-fear-but-fear-itself/).
Very few European countries have proven immune to the appeal of right-wing populism. The exception is Spain: despite economic crisis and fast-eroding political trust, Spain has not seen any right-wing populist party obtain more than 1% of the vote in national elections in recent years. What might explain this remarkable absence of an electorally successful Spanish right-wing populist party? Using public data (including statistics and opinion polls), interviews with experts and original polling, this case study scrutinizes various factors influencing right-wing populist success in Spain – or lack thereof. First, it sets out why it is so remarkable that Spain should not have a right-wing populist presence in politics. Several explanations are discussed, including the historical weakness of the Spanish national identity and the Spanish people’s pro-Europeanism. These factors all seem to influence the (lack of) demand for a populist message by Spanish people. In and of themselves, however, these factors fail fully to explain the absence of a right-wing political party. Finally, this case study considers so-called supply-side factors, particularly the failure of parties that have tried to appeal to right-wing populist sentiments in Spain and the effects of the Spanish electoral system. This report takes part of the Research Project “Nothing to fear but fear Itself?”, an initiative of the British think tank Demos, which covers six countries: Germany, Poland, France, the UK, Sweden and Spain. The full report can be found on its website (https://www.demos.co.uk/project/nothing-to-fear-but-fear-itself/).
Very few European countries have proven immune to the appeal of right-wing populism. The exception is Spain: despite economic crisis and fast-eroding political trust, Spain has not seen any right-wing populist party obtain more than 1% of the vote in national elections in recent years. What might explain this remarkable absence of an electorally successful Spanish right-wing populist party? Using public data (including statistics and opinion polls), interviews with experts and original polling, this case study scrutinizes various factors influencing right-wing populist success in Spain – or lack thereof. First, it sets out why it is so remarkable that Spain should not have a right-wing populist presence in politics. Several explanations are discussed, including the historical weakness of the Spanish national identity and the Spanish people’s pro-Europeanism. These factors all seem to influence the (lack of) demand for a populist message by Spanish people. In and of themselves, however, these factors fail fully to explain the absence of a right-wing political party. Finally, this case study considers so-called supply-side factors, particularly the failure of parties that have tried to appeal to right-wing populist sentiments in Spain and the effects of the Spanish electoral system. This report takes part of the Research Project “Nothing to fear but fear Itself?”, an initiative of the British think tank Demos, which covers six countries: Germany, Poland, France, the UK, Sweden and Spain. The full report can be found on its website (https://www.demos.co.uk/project/nothing-to-fear-but-fear-itself/).
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Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología
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Ciencia Política y de la Administración