Gender differences in adaptation to heat in Spain (1983–2018)

Navas Martín, Miguel Ángel; López Bueno, J. A.; Ascaso Sánchez, M.S.; Sarmiento Suárez, R.; Follos, F.; Vellón, J.M.; Mirón, I.J.; Luna, M.Y.; Sánchez Martínez, G.; Culqui, D.; Linares, C.; Díaz, J.

Publicación:
Gender differences in adaptation to heat in Spain (1983–2018)

dc.contributor.author	Navas Martín, Miguel Ángel
dc.contributor.author	López Bueno, J. A.
dc.contributor.author	Ascaso Sánchez, M.S.
dc.contributor.author	Sarmiento Suárez, R.
dc.contributor.author	Follos, F.
dc.contributor.author	Vellón, J.M.
dc.contributor.author	Mirón, I.J.
dc.contributor.author	Luna, M.Y.
dc.contributor.author	Sánchez Martínez, G.
dc.contributor.author	Culqui, D.
dc.contributor.author	Linares, C.
dc.contributor.author	Díaz, J.
dc.contributor.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-1349
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-14T18:56:49Z
dc.date.available	2025-01-14T18:56:49Z
dc.date.issued	2022-09-05
dc.description	The registered version of this article, first published in Environmental Research, is available online at the publisher's website: Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113986
dc.description	La versión registrada de este artículo, publicado por primera vez en Environmental Research, está disponible en línea en el sitio web del editor: Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113986
dc.description.abstract	In Spain the average temperature has increased by 1.7 °C since pre-industrial times. There has been an increase in heat waves both in terms of frequency and intensity, with a clear impact in terms of population health. The effect of heat waves on daily mortality presents important territorial differences. Gender also affects these impacts, as a determinant that conditions social inequalities in health. There is evidence that women may be more susceptible to extreme heat than men, although there are relatively few studies that analyze differences in the vulnerability and adaptation to heat by sex. This could be related to physiological causes. On the other hand, one of the indicators used to measure vulnerability to heat in a population and its adaptation is the minimum mortality temperature (MMT) and its temporal evolution. The aim of this study was to analyze the values of MMT in men and women and its temporal evolution during the 1983–2018 period in Spain's provinces. An ecological, longitudinal retrospective study was carried out of time series data, based on maximum daily temperature and daily mortality data corresponding to the study period. Using cubic and quadratic fits between daily mortality rates and the temperature, the minimum values of these functions were determined, which allowed for determining MMT values. Furthermore, we used an improved methodology that provided for the estimation of missing MMT values when polynomial fits were inexistent. This analysis was carried out for each year. Later, based on the annual values of MMT, a linear fit was carried out to determine the rate of evolution of MMT for men and for women at the province level. Average MMT for all of Spain's provinces was 29.4 °C in the case of men and 28.7 °C in the case of women. The MMT for men was greater than that of women in 86 percent of the total provinces analyzed, which indicates greater vulnerability among women. In terms of the rate of variation in MMT during the period analyzed, that of men was 0.39 °C/decade, compared to 0.53 °C/decade for women, indicating greater adaptation to heat among women, compared to men. The differences found between men and women were statistically significant. At the province level, the results show great heterogeneity. Studies carried out at the local level are needed to provide knowledge about those factors that can explain these differences at the province level, and to allow for incorporating a gender perspective in the implementation of measures for adaptation to high temperatures.	en
dc.description.version	versión final
dc.identifier.citation	Navas-Martin, M. A., Lopez-Bueno, J. A., Ascaso-Sánchez, M. S., Sarmiento-Suárez, R., Follos, F., Vellón, J. M., ... & Díaz, J. (2022). Gender differences in adaptation to heat in Spain (1983–2018). Environmental Research, 215, 113986.
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113986
dc.identifier.issn	0013-9351
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/25291
dc.journal.issue	Part 1
dc.journal.title	Environmental Research
dc.journal.volume	215
dc.language.iso	en
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.center	Institutos y centros de investigación::Instituto Mixto de Investigación - IMIENS - Escuela Nacional de Sanidad
dc.relation.department	Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Salud Pública
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject	32 Ciencias Médicas
dc.subject	32 Ciencias Médicas ::3212 Salud pública
dc.subject.keywords	adaptation	en
dc.subject.keywords	vulnerability	en
dc.subject.keywords	minimum mortality temperature	en
dc.subject.keywords	gender	en
dc.subject.keywords	sex	en
dc.title	Gender differences in adaptation to heat in Spain (1983–2018)	en
dc.type	artículo	es
dc.type	journal article	en
dspace.entity.type	Publication