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2025-07-14
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Este estudio explora los factores que favorecen el envejecimiento activo y saludable en Montejo de la Vega de la Serrezuela, un pequeño municipio rural de Castilla y León. A partir del marco teórico de las Zonas Azules —regiones del mundo con altos índices de longevidad— se plantea la hipótesis de que ciertos elementos del estilo de vida rural pueden actuar como factores protectores frente al envejecimiento negativo, incluso en contextos demográficamente desfavorecidos.
Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó un trabajo de campo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas mayores del municipio, complementadas con observación participante. La muestra estuvo compuesta por hombres y mujeres mayores de 65 años, seleccionados por su vinculación activa con el entorno local. El análisis se centró en identificar categorías emergentes relacionadas con los hábitos de vida, la alimentación, la actividad física, las relaciones sociales y el sentido de pertenencia.
Los resultados muestran una coincidencia significativa entre los hábitos de vida observados en Montejo y los nueve factores clave descritos por Buettner (2012) para las Zonas Azules. Se identificaron patrones de alimentación basada en productos locales, actividad física no estructurada integrada en la rutina diaria, redes sociales activas y un fuerte arraigo territorial. También se evidenció la presencia de un propósito vital ligado a la utilidad social y a la continuidad cultural.
En la discusión se destaca la relevancia de estos hallazgos como prueba de que el envejecimiento saludable no es exclusivo de regiones internacionalmente reconocidas. A pesar de las limitaciones del estudio —como el tamaño reducido de la muestra y la falta de análisis longitudinal—, se concluye que el medio rural puede ofrecer condiciones favorables para una vejez activa, digna y significativa. Se plantea la necesidad de desarrollar futuras investigaciones y políticas educativas que valoren estos entornos como espacios de bienestar.
This study explores the factors that promote active and healthy aging in Montejo de la Vega de la Serrezuela, a small rural municipality in Castilla y León, Spain. Based on the theoretical framework of the Blue Zones —regions worldwide with high longevity rates— the hypothesis is proposed that certain elements of rural lifestyles may act as protective factors against negative aging, even in demographically disadvantaged contexts. From a qualitative approach, the study was based on a focus group composed of three people over 65 years old residing in the municipality. A semi-structured guide was used to facilitate the discussion, addressing topics related to lifestyle habits, diet, physical activity, social relationships, and sense of belonging. Participants were selected due to their active connection with the local environment. The analysis focused on identifying emerging categories from the narratives. The findings show a significant correspondence between the lifestyle habits observed in Montejo and the nine key factors described by Buettner (2012) for the Blue Zones. Patterns identified include a diet based on local products, non-structured physical activity integrated into daily routines, active social networks, and strong territorial attachment. Additionally, a sense of purpose linked to social utility and cultural continuity was evident. The discussion highlights the relevance of these findings as evidence that healthy aging is not exclusive to internationally recognized regions. Despite study limitations —such as the small sample size and lack of longitudinal analysis— it is concluded that rural settings can offer favorable conditions for an active, dignified, and meaningful old age. The need for future research and educational policies that value these environments as spaces of wellbeing is emphasized.
This study explores the factors that promote active and healthy aging in Montejo de la Vega de la Serrezuela, a small rural municipality in Castilla y León, Spain. Based on the theoretical framework of the Blue Zones —regions worldwide with high longevity rates— the hypothesis is proposed that certain elements of rural lifestyles may act as protective factors against negative aging, even in demographically disadvantaged contexts. From a qualitative approach, the study was based on a focus group composed of three people over 65 years old residing in the municipality. A semi-structured guide was used to facilitate the discussion, addressing topics related to lifestyle habits, diet, physical activity, social relationships, and sense of belonging. Participants were selected due to their active connection with the local environment. The analysis focused on identifying emerging categories from the narratives. The findings show a significant correspondence between the lifestyle habits observed in Montejo and the nine key factors described by Buettner (2012) for the Blue Zones. Patterns identified include a diet based on local products, non-structured physical activity integrated into daily routines, active social networks, and strong territorial attachment. Additionally, a sense of purpose linked to social utility and cultural continuity was evident. The discussion highlights the relevance of these findings as evidence that healthy aging is not exclusive to internationally recognized regions. Despite study limitations —such as the small sample size and lack of longitudinal analysis— it is concluded that rural settings can offer favorable conditions for an active, dignified, and meaningful old age. The need for future research and educational policies that value these environments as spaces of wellbeing is emphasized.
Descripción
Máster universitario en Intervención Educativa en Contextos Sociales: especialidad en calidad de vida en personas adultas y mayores
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
hábito, comunidad, salud, alimentación, vejez, habit, community, health, nutrition, aging
Citación
Peñacoba Alonso, Rebeca. Trabajo Fin de Máster: Principios de las Blue Zones y su aplicabilidad en zonas rurales españolas. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) 2025
Centro
Facultad de Educación
Departamento
Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación I