Publicación: La competencia de las autoridades sanitarias para restringir derechos en situación de crisis sanitaria
Fecha
2020-09-14
Autores
Editor/a
Director/a
Tutor/a
Coordinador/a
Prologuista
Revisor/a
Ilustrador/a
Derechos de acceso
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Resumen
En este trabajo se realiza un breve análisis del fundamento constitucional de la protección a la salud (en particular el art. 43 en conexión con el 15 de la Constitución Espanola ˜ [CE]), de forma que no es necesario acudir a principios exógenos a una constitución normativa como la espanola, ˜ como el conocido y citado principio de necesidad bajo el aforismo Salus publica suprema lex esto, ya que encontramos en el propio texto constitucional la atribución a los poderes públicos de la competencia para organizar y tutelar la salud pública (art. 43 CE), pudiendo regular legalmente los deberes y obligaciones de los ciudadanos «en los casos de grave riesgo, catástrofe o calamidad pública» (art. 32.4 CE). Asimismo, se estudia el marco jurídico legal espanol ˜ sobre salud pública, incluyendo la Ley General de Sanidad y la Ley General de Salud Pública, con especial atención al art. 3 de la Ley Orgánica 3/1986, de 14 de abril, de medidas especiales en materia de salud pública, que atribuye una competencia suficientemente amplia a las autoridades sanitarias para poder adoptar, en una situación de crisis sanitaria como la actual, decisiones que, con las necesarias garantías jurídicas, supongan una restricción o limitación de derechos, incluso de derechos fundamentales, como puede ser el confinamiento, requiriéndose en este último caso una autorización o ratificación judicial. No obstante, se defiende también la conveniencia de una nueva ley orgánica que regule y precise el procedimiento y las garantías necesarias para llevar a cabo la adopción y el desarrollo de estas medidas.
We carry out a brief analysis ofthe constitutional grounds onhealthprotection(arts. 43 inconnection with 15 of the Spanish Constitution [CE]), in the sense that we don’t need to consider exogenous principles to a normative constitution as the Spanish one, such as the known and cited principle of necessity, under the aphorism Salus publica suprema lex esto. We find in the constitutional text itself the attribution to the public powers of the competence to organize and protect public health (art. 43 CE), therefore public powers are able to regulate by law the duties and obligations of citizens «in cases of serious risk, catastrophe or public calamity» (art. 32(4) CE). Moreover, we study the Spanish legal framework on public health, including the General Sanitary Law, the General Public Health Law, with a special attention to the art. 3 of Organic Law 3/1986, 14 April, on special measures in the field of public health, which attributes to the health authorities a huge competence to be able to adopt, in a situation of sanitary crisis such as the current one, decisions that, with the necessary guarantees, suppose a restriction or limitation of rights, including fundamental ones as in the case of confinement. These limitations on fundamental rights require a judicial authorization or ratification. However, we also consider the convenience of a new organic law to regulate in detail the procedure and the legal guarantees to carry out the adoption and development of these measures.
We carry out a brief analysis ofthe constitutional grounds onhealthprotection(arts. 43 inconnection with 15 of the Spanish Constitution [CE]), in the sense that we don’t need to consider exogenous principles to a normative constitution as the Spanish one, such as the known and cited principle of necessity, under the aphorism Salus publica suprema lex esto. We find in the constitutional text itself the attribution to the public powers of the competence to organize and protect public health (art. 43 CE), therefore public powers are able to regulate by law the duties and obligations of citizens «in cases of serious risk, catastrophe or public calamity» (art. 32(4) CE). Moreover, we study the Spanish legal framework on public health, including the General Sanitary Law, the General Public Health Law, with a special attention to the art. 3 of Organic Law 3/1986, 14 April, on special measures in the field of public health, which attributes to the health authorities a huge competence to be able to adopt, in a situation of sanitary crisis such as the current one, decisions that, with the necessary guarantees, suppose a restriction or limitation of rights, including fundamental ones as in the case of confinement. These limitations on fundamental rights require a judicial authorization or ratification. However, we also consider the convenience of a new organic law to regulate in detail the procedure and the legal guarantees to carry out the adoption and development of these measures.
Descripción
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
COVID-19, Crisis sanitaria, Autoridades sanitarias, Medidas sanitarias, Confinamiento, Control judicial
Citación
Centro
Facultad de Derecho
Departamento
Derecho Constitucional