Publicación: La humillación y su relación con la victimización por acoso: una revisión narrativa
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Fecha
2024-07-31
Autores
Borrego Ruiz, Alejandro
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Editorial Universidad de Córdoba
Resumen
La humillación es un fenómeno vinculado a la dinámica del acoso que causa interacciones perturbadoras y traumáticas para las víctimas. Por lo tanto, la relación entre la humillación y el bullying representa un tema de investigación con importantes repercusiones para el campo del bienestar social. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: revisar el concepto de humillación y su naturaleza de acuerdo con la literatura sobre este fenómeno; revisar las principales consecuencias derivadas de la experiencia emocional de la humillación; y analizar la relación entre la humillación y la victimización por acoso. Con este fin, se ha realizado una revisión narrativa basada en una selección de 78 artículos. La humillación se ha definido como una emoción autoconsciente que aparece cuando un individuo es degradado injustamente por otros. En entornos humillantes, las personas que interiorizan una devaluación del yo, y que valoran la situación como injusta, tienden a experimentar mayores niveles de humillación. La humillación se ha relacionado con un comportamiento violento impulsado por las represalias y a los estados de indefensión que pueden culminar en el suicidio. En el contexto del bullying, la hostilidad aumenta la percepción de injusticia, mientras que el estatus social facilita la internalización de la devaluación. Los testigos juegan un papel clave en la intensificación de la humillación, ya que la víctima percibe la devaluación de manera más injusta, y la presencia de un público facilita su interiorización. Asimismo, responder activamente al bullying mitiga la experiencia emocional de la humillación, debido a una mayor percepción de control. La humillación resultante del bullying tiene un impacto negativo en el bienestar social, por lo que abordar este fenómeno requiere el estudio de los factores que permiten y perpetúan su contingencia.
Humiliation is a phenomenon linked to the dynamics of harassment that causes disturbing and traumatic interactions for victims. Therefore, the relationship between humiliation and bullying represents a research topic with significant repercussions for the field of social well-being. The objectives of this work are: to review the concept of humiliation –and its nature– according to the literature on this phenomenon; to review the main consequences derived from the emotional experience of humiliation; and to analyze the relationship between humiliation and bullying victimization. For this purpose, a narrative review has been performed based on a selection of 78 articles. Humiliation has been defined as a self-conscious emotion that appears when an individual is unfairly degraded by others. In humiliating settings, people who internalize a devaluation of the self, and who appraise the situation as unfair, tend to experience higher levels of humiliation. Humiliation has been related to violent behavior driven by retaliation and to states of helplessness that can culminate in suicide. In the context of bullying, hostility increases the perception of unfairness, while social status facilitates the internalization of devaluation. Witnesses play a key role in intensifying humiliation, since the victim perceives the devaluation more unfairly, and the presence of an audience facilitates its internalization. Likewise, actively responding to bullying mitigates the emotional experience of humiliation, due to a greater perception of control. The humiliation resulting from bullying has a negative impact on social well-being, so addressing this phenomenon requires the study of the factors that allow and perpetuate its contingency.
Humiliation is a phenomenon linked to the dynamics of harassment that causes disturbing and traumatic interactions for victims. Therefore, the relationship between humiliation and bullying represents a research topic with significant repercussions for the field of social well-being. The objectives of this work are: to review the concept of humiliation –and its nature– according to the literature on this phenomenon; to review the main consequences derived from the emotional experience of humiliation; and to analyze the relationship between humiliation and bullying victimization. For this purpose, a narrative review has been performed based on a selection of 78 articles. Humiliation has been defined as a self-conscious emotion that appears when an individual is unfairly degraded by others. In humiliating settings, people who internalize a devaluation of the self, and who appraise the situation as unfair, tend to experience higher levels of humiliation. Humiliation has been related to violent behavior driven by retaliation and to states of helplessness that can culminate in suicide. In the context of bullying, hostility increases the perception of unfairness, while social status facilitates the internalization of devaluation. Witnesses play a key role in intensifying humiliation, since the victim perceives the devaluation more unfairly, and the presence of an audience facilitates its internalization. Likewise, actively responding to bullying mitigates the emotional experience of humiliation, due to a greater perception of control. The humiliation resulting from bullying has a negative impact on social well-being, so addressing this phenomenon requires the study of the factors that allow and perpetuate its contingency.
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Palabras clave
humillación, victimización de Bullying, bienestar social, Humiliation, Bullying victimization, Social well-being
Citación
Borrego-Ruiz, A., & Fernández, S. (2024). La humillación y su relación con la victimización por acoso: una revisión narrativa. Psicología, Sociedad y Educación, 16,(2) p. 42-51. https://doi.org/10.21071/pse.v16i2.17067
Borrego-Ruiz, A., & Fernández, S. (2024). Humiliation and its relationship with bullying victimization: a narrative review. Psychology, Society & Education, 16(2), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.21071/psye.v16i2.17067
Borrego-Ruiz, A., & Fernández, S. (2024). Humiliation and its relationship with bullying victimization: a narrative review. Psychology, Society & Education, 16(2), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.21071/psye.v16i2.17067
Centro
Facultades y escuelas::Facultad de Psicología
Departamento
Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones