Publicación: Monarchic republics and republican monarchies in the constitution of the Iberian world
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2017
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En la construcción del Estado contemporáneo, la existencia de la monarquía definió un modelo constitucional europeo, el parlamentario, mientras que la carencia de la misma en América definió el modelo de aquél continente, donde se levantó la primera república constitucional, presidencialista. En el momento post-revolucionario, cuando se buscó moderar la revolución, surgió la necesidad de corregir el equilibrio de poderes en favor de un mayor poder para el ejecutivo; pero esto era un problema en la monarquía, donde el ejecutivo era un rey inavomible e irresponsable políticamente; por ello se necesitó buscar “otro” ejecutivo que el rey nombraba pero era responsable ante las cortes y por ello era movible, se le podía cambiar en caso de conflicto: era el “traje constitucional” de la monarquía, el gobierno parlamentario que se entendió como un modelo republicano bajo una superestrucutra monárquica. En los Estados Unidos de América, con un presidente elegido y responsable ante sus electores, no hizo falta mitigar el principio de la separación de poderes, lo que fue el factor decisivo en la diferenciación de modelos constitucionales entre en ambos continentes hasta hoy; en diversas repúblicas conservadoras latinoamericanas, sin embargo, se tuvo en cuenta las características de la monarquía y su poder moderador. El artículo trata de la evolución de la monarquía y la república y la transferencia entre ambos modelos.
Throughout the making of modern States, while the existence of a monarchy defined the European Constitutional model as a parliamentary system, in America, it was the lack of it which defined that continent’s model, and the first, both constitutional and presidential, republic was established. During the post-revolutionary era, while seeking how to temper the revolution, emerged the need to reorganize the balance of powers in favor of the executive branch. However, this was a problem for monarchies, where this executive branch was an undetachable and politically irresponsible king. For that reason, it became necessary to search for an alternative executive power named by the king, but actually responsible before the parliament, and, therefore, detachable. It could be dismissed in case of conflict. This was the monarchy’s “constitutional costume”: the parliamentary system was thus understood as a republican model under a monarchical superstructure. In America, where the elected president was responsible before its electors, it was not necessary to diminish the principle of separation of powers. That was the key difference in the making of the two different constitutional models in both continents up to day. However, several Latin American conservative republics did considered those features of the monarchy and its moderating role. This article deals with the evolution of both monarchical and republican political systems and historical transferences between them both.
Throughout the making of modern States, while the existence of a monarchy defined the European Constitutional model as a parliamentary system, in America, it was the lack of it which defined that continent’s model, and the first, both constitutional and presidential, republic was established. During the post-revolutionary era, while seeking how to temper the revolution, emerged the need to reorganize the balance of powers in favor of the executive branch. However, this was a problem for monarchies, where this executive branch was an undetachable and politically irresponsible king. For that reason, it became necessary to search for an alternative executive power named by the king, but actually responsible before the parliament, and, therefore, detachable. It could be dismissed in case of conflict. This was the monarchy’s “constitutional costume”: the parliamentary system was thus understood as a republican model under a monarchical superstructure. In America, where the elected president was responsible before its electors, it was not necessary to diminish the principle of separation of powers. That was the key difference in the making of the two different constitutional models in both continents up to day. However, several Latin American conservative republics did considered those features of the monarchy and its moderating role. This article deals with the evolution of both monarchical and republican political systems and historical transferences between them both.
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Categorías UNESCO
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monarquía y república, modelos políticos, parlamentarismo, presidencialismo, Europa, América, monarchy and republic, political models, parlamentarism, presidential goverment
Citación
Centro
Facultad de Geografía e Historia
Departamento
Historia Contemporánea