Publicación: Locura y poder en Michel Foucault. Los locos parrésicos
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2017-09-18
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Filosofía
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La historia siempre la escriben los vencedores, pero no solo los acontecimientos señalables, también los olvidos. La forma en que nos enfrentamos al pasado está condicionada por nuestra condición presente. Es imposible entender una época pasada si no comprendemos todos sus conceptos, todas sus transformaciones históricas y sus modos de vida. Un mismo concepto puede referenciar cosas muy diferentes en dos momentos históricos diferenciados. La historia también tiene otra peculiaridad, no solo es capaz de modificar el sentido de un término, también es capaz de modelar su referente. El ejemplo más evidente será el que analizaremos, el de la figura del loco y su constante mutación a lo largo de la historia. Estas consideraciones son escritas, no por los vencedores, sino por una instancia suprema y a la vez coyuntural, por unas relaciones de poder fluctuantes que modifican constantemente el tejido social, y de las cuales los dominantes solo son meros sujetos que reproducen y perpetúan determinadas líneas de poder que están sustentadas por diversos mecanismos como pueden ser los discursos de verdad, una racionalidad concreta, determinadas estructuras económicas… En definitiva, se trata de diversos canales mediante los cuales transcurre y se hace efectivo el poder, imponiendo sus efectos en todas las relaciones sociales. En este ensayo nuestro enfoque estará centrado en un análisis de estas estructuras de poder en el centro psiquiátrico y la figura del «loco» del siglo XVII al siglo XIX. Analizaremos su evolución y su relación con los centros privativos de libertad. De este modo, después de analizar los movimientos ejercicios por el poder y sus implicaciones en la sociedad, se intentará establecer un proceso revolucionario, que determine si es posible una revolución que elimine todas las relaciones de poder, o si toda revolución posible está condicionada por las relaciones de poder preexistentes.
The history the winners always write it, but not only the special events, also the forgetfulness. The form in which we face the past is determined by our present condition. It is impossible to understand a last epoch if we do not understand all its concepts, all its historical transformations and its ways of life. The same concept can index very different things in two differentiated historical moments. The history also has another peculiarity, not only it is capable of modifying the sense of term, also it is capable of shaping its modality. The clearest example will be the one that we will analyze that of the figure of the madman and its constant mutation along the history. These considerations are written, not for the winners, but for a supreme instance and simultaneously relating to the moment, for a few fluctuating relations of power that modify constantly the social textile, and of which the domineering ones are only mere subjects that reproduce and perpetuate certain lines of power that are sustained by diverse mechanisms as there can be the speeches really, rationality limits, certain economic structures… Finally, it is a question of diverse channels by means of which it passes and the power become effective imposing its effects in all the social relations. In this essay our approach will be focus on an analysis of these structures of power in the psychiatric center and the figure of the «madman» form the XVIIth century until the XIXth century. We will analyze its evolution and its relation with the exclusive centers of freedom. This way, after analyzing the movements exercises for the power and its implications in the society, one will try to establish a revolutionary process, which determines if revolution is determined by the preexisting power relations.
The history the winners always write it, but not only the special events, also the forgetfulness. The form in which we face the past is determined by our present condition. It is impossible to understand a last epoch if we do not understand all its concepts, all its historical transformations and its ways of life. The same concept can index very different things in two differentiated historical moments. The history also has another peculiarity, not only it is capable of modifying the sense of term, also it is capable of shaping its modality. The clearest example will be the one that we will analyze that of the figure of the madman and its constant mutation along the history. These considerations are written, not for the winners, but for a supreme instance and simultaneously relating to the moment, for a few fluctuating relations of power that modify constantly the social textile, and of which the domineering ones are only mere subjects that reproduce and perpetuate certain lines of power that are sustained by diverse mechanisms as there can be the speeches really, rationality limits, certain economic structures… Finally, it is a question of diverse channels by means of which it passes and the power become effective imposing its effects in all the social relations. In this essay our approach will be focus on an analysis of these structures of power in the psychiatric center and the figure of the «madman» form the XVIIth century until the XIXth century. We will analyze its evolution and its relation with the exclusive centers of freedom. This way, after analyzing the movements exercises for the power and its implications in the society, one will try to establish a revolutionary process, which determines if revolution is determined by the preexisting power relations.
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Facultades y escuelas::Facultad de Filosofía
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Filosofía