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Inner harmony as an essential facet of well-being: a multinational study during the COVID-19 pandemic

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dc.contributor.authorCarreño, David F.
dc.contributor.authorEisenbeck, Nikolett
dc.contributor.authorPérez Escobar, José Antonio
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Montes, José M.
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-6485
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-6896
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-09T19:07:57Z
dc.date.available2024-12-09T19:07:57Z
dc.date.issued2021-03-26
dc.descriptionThe registered version of this article, first published in Frontiers in Psychology, is available online at the publisher's website: Frontiers Media, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648280
dc.descriptionLa versión registrada de este artículo, publicado por primera vez en Frontiers in Psychology, está disponible en línea en el sitio web del editor: Frontiers Media, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648280
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to explore the role of two models of well-being in the prediction of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely PERMA and mature happiness. According to PERMA, well-being is mainly composed of five elements: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning in life, and achievement. Instead, mature happiness is understood as a positive mental state characterized by inner harmony, calmness, acceptance, contentment, and satisfaction with life. Rooted in existential positive psychology, this harmony-based happiness represents the result of living in balance between positive and negative aspects of one's life. We hypothesized that mature happiness would be a more prominent protective factor during the present pandemic than the PERMA composite. A total of 12,203 participants from 30 countries responded to an online survey including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the PERMA-Profiler, and the Mature Happiness Scale-Revised (MHS-R). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that PERMA and mature happiness were highly correlated, but nonetheless, they represented two separate factors. After controlling for demographic factors and country-level variables, both PERMA Well-being and MHS-R were negative predictors of psychological distress. Mature happiness was a better predictor of stress, anxiety, and general distress, while PERMA showed a higher prediction of depression. Mature happiness moderated the relation between the perceived noxious effects of the pandemic and all markers of distress (depression, anxiety, stress, and total DASS-21). Instead, PERMA acted as a moderator in the case of depression and stress. These findings indicate that inner harmony, according to the mature happiness theory, is an essential facet of well-being to be taken into consideration. The results of this study can also orient policies aimed to alleviate the negative effects of the pandemic on mental health through the promotion of well-being.en
dc.description.versionversión publicada
dc.identifier.citationCarreno, D. F., Eisenbeck, N., Pérez-Escobar, J. A., & García-Montes, J. M. (2021). Inner harmony as an essential facet of well-being: a multinational study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648280
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648280
dc.identifier.issn1664-1078
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/24776
dc.journal.titleFrontiers in Psychology
dc.journal.volume12
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.relation.centerFacultades y escuelas::Facultad de Filosofía
dc.relation.departmentLógica, Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
dc.subject11 Lógica
dc.subject72 Filosofía::7205 Filosofía de la Ciencia
dc.subject.keywordsexistential positive psychologyen
dc.subject.keywordsPERMAen
dc.subject.keywordsmature happinessen
dc.subject.keywordsinner harmonyen
dc.subject.keywordspsychological distressen
dc.subject.keywordsCOVID-19en
dc.titleInner harmony as an essential facet of well-being: a multinational study during the COVID-19 pandemices
dc.typeactas de congresoes
dc.typeconference proceedingsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
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