Publication: Modelos de segregación
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Date
2016-07-11
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Ciencias
Abstract
Thomas Schelling introdujo en los 70 un modelo de segregación que ha sido considerado como un arquetipo en el campo de las ciencias sociales. En este trabajo de máster se analiza una variante de ese modelo mediante diversos parámetros: coecientes de segregación basados en la geometría de los clusters, análogos de la energía de los modelos de spin-1, cambios por paso y factores de utilidad (discreto y continuo). Los cambios en la tolerancia y en el porcentaje de agentes han reproducido varias realidades sociales: la utilidad o satisfacción de los agentes que se encuentran en mayoría es más elevada que la de los minoritarios, la creación de zonas cero donde los agentes no quieren trasladarse y la formación de ghettos cuando la tolerancia sufre un brusco descenso. También se estudian los cambios de porcentaje en la población producidos de forma brusca o suave. Finalmente, es analizado el efecto del porcentaje de lugares vacantes sobre estas situaciones. Se concluye que pequeños cambios en la tolerancia o en el porcentaje de la población tienen profundas implicaciones para las políticas sociales y económicas que tienen por objetivo la lucha contra la segregación urbana.
Thomas Schelling introduced in the 1970's a model that has been considered as an archetype in the field of social sciences. In this master thesis a variant of Schelling's segregation model is analyzed by using several parameters: measure of segregation based on cluster geometry, analogue of energy in spin-1 models, changes per step and utility factor (discrete and continuous). Changes in tolerance and percentage agents in the model has reproduced several social realities: utility or satisfaction of the agents in majority is greater than the agents in minority, creation of zero zones where the agents don´t want to be replaced and formation of ghettos when the tolerance suffers a steep descent. The change of population percentage in a sudden or smooth way is also studied. Finally, the effect of the vacancy percentage over these situations is analyzed. It has been concluded that small changes in tolerance and population percentage have far-reaching implications for social and economic policies aiming at fighting urban segregation.
Thomas Schelling introduced in the 1970's a model that has been considered as an archetype in the field of social sciences. In this master thesis a variant of Schelling's segregation model is analyzed by using several parameters: measure of segregation based on cluster geometry, analogue of energy in spin-1 models, changes per step and utility factor (discrete and continuous). Changes in tolerance and percentage agents in the model has reproduced several social realities: utility or satisfaction of the agents in majority is greater than the agents in minority, creation of zero zones where the agents don´t want to be replaced and formation of ghettos when the tolerance suffers a steep descent. The change of population percentage in a sudden or smooth way is also studied. Finally, the effect of the vacancy percentage over these situations is analyzed. It has been concluded that small changes in tolerance and population percentage have far-reaching implications for social and economic policies aiming at fighting urban segregation.
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Keywords
segregación, modelo de Schelling, modelo de Blume-Capel, realidad social, factor de utilidad, segregation, Schelling model, Blume Capel model, social realities, utility factor
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Facultades y escuelas::Facultad de Ciencias
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Física Fundamental