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Variations in human saliva viscoelasticity affect aerosolization propensity

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dc.contributor.authorRäz, Linard
dc.contributor.authorVermant, Jan
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Hakim, Mariana
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-20T11:27:46Z
dc.date.available2024-05-20T11:27:46Z
dc.date.issued2022-01-26
dc.description.abstractSome contagious diseases, such as COVID-19, spread through the transmission of aerosols and droplets. Aerosol and droplet formation occurs inside and outside of the respiratory tract, the latter being observed during speaking and sneezing. Upon sneezing, saliva is expelled as a flat sheet, which destabilizes into filaments that subsequently break up into droplets. The presence of macromolecules (such as mucins) in saliva influences the dynamics of aerosol generation, since elasticity is expected to stabilize both fluid sheets and filaments, hence deterring droplet formation. In this study, the process of aerosol formation outside the respiratory tract is systematically replicated using an impinging jet setup, where two liquid jets collide and form a thin fluid sheet that can fragment into ligaments and droplets. The experimental setup enables us to investigate a range of dynamic conditions, quantified by the relevant non-dimensional numbers, which encompass those experienced during sneezing. Experiments are conducted with human saliva provided by different donors, revealing significant variations in their stability and breakup. We quantify the effect of viscoelasticity via shear and extensional rheology experiments, concluding that the extensional relaxation time is the most adequate measure of a saliva's elasticity. We summarize our results in terms of the dimensionless Weber, Reynolds, and Deborah numbers and construct universal state diagrams that directly compare our data to human sneezing, concluding that the aerosolization propensity is correlated with diminished saliva elasticities, higher emission velocities, and larger ejecta volumes. This could entail variations in disease transmission between individuals which hitherto have not been recognized.en
dc.description.versionversión publicada
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1039/D1SM01581H
dc.identifier.issn1744-683X; eISSN: 1744-6848
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/12039
dc.journal.issue18
dc.journal.titleSoft Matter
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherRoyal Society of Chemistry
dc.relation.centerFacultad de Ciencias
dc.relation.departmentFísica Fundamental
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
dc.titleVariations in human saliva viscoelasticity affect aerosolization propensityes
dc.typejournal articleen
dc.typeartículoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication0d3ca748-728d-48f4-b71c-55f101dfb9d8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0d3ca748-728d-48f4-b71c-55f101dfb9d8
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