Publicación: De la ibérica eurocentrista del siglo XV a la globalización del siglo XVI
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2021-05-07
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Geografía e Historia. Departamento de Historia Moderna
Resumen
Actualmente se debate sobre cómo afrontar la historia de los pueblos, si de manera monográfica y etnocentrista como históricamente se ha realizado, o de forma global de historias conectadas de cómo el destino de un pueblo es consecuencia de la interacción de los demás pueblos.1 El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender cómo a raíz de surgir una nueva sociedad en Europa a finales del siglo XIV junto a la ansiada utopía de alcanzar el origen de las especias se produce un proceso de expansión ultramarina logrando la redondez de la Tierra. Se pretende averiguar si la globalización alcanzada a finales del siglo XVI fue capaz de alcanzar una globalización parcial o total (mental y material) y la influencia que ejerció sobre ésta Antonio Galvao proponiendo una cosmovisión global de los pueblos frente la eurocentrista imperante. Propongo un recorrido que va desde conocer los factores que hacen nacer la nueva sociedad, como nacen las potencias ibéricas, como surge su necesidad de expansión ultramarina y su objetivo de alcanzar el origen de las especias. Por el camino descubrirán el cuarto continente, los océanos, la redondez de la Tierra y otras culturas, dando lugar a la primera globalización. Cómo la visión eurocentrista de los ibéricos chocará con las distintas culturas y cómo la nueva visión, aportada por Antonio Galvao, sobre la historia de la Tierra y de los pueblos removerá los cimientos de los derechos de conquista de las potencias ibéricas. Podemos concluir en como las transformaciones psicológicas producidas desde finales del siglo XIV hasta consolidar la globalización a finales del siglo XVI fueron capaces de lograr grandes hitos de la humanidad, pero incapaces de cambiar su cosmovisión eurocentrista con la negativa de aceptar al Otro.
There is currently a debate on how to approach the history of peoples, whether in a monographic and ethnocentric way, as has historically been done, or in the form of connected histories of peoples in which the destiny of a people is a consequence of the interaction of other peoples. The aim of this paper is to understand how the emergence of a new society in Europe at the end of the 14th century, together with the longed-for utopia of reaching the origin of spices, led to a process of overseas expansion and the rounding of the Earth. The aim is to find out whether the globalization achieved at the end of the 16th century was capable of achieving total globalization (mental and material) or partial globalization and the influence that Antonio Galvao exerted on this by proposing a global worldview of the peoples as opposed to the prevailing Eurocentric one. I propose a journey that goes from the factors that give birth to the new society, how the Iberian powers were born, how their need for overseas expansion arose and their objective of reaching the origin of spices. Along the way they discover the fourth continent, the oceans, the roundness of the Earth and other cultures. This gave rise to the first globalization. The Eurocentric vision of the Iberians clashed with the different cultures, subjugating the inferior ones and being expelled by the superior ones. The new vision, contributed by Antonio Galvao, on the history of the Earth and of the peoples was totally hidden because it removed the foundations of the conquest rights of the Iberian powers. We can conclude that the psychological transformations that took place from the end of the 14th century to the consolidation of globalization at the end of the 16th century were capable of achieving great human milestones, but incapable of changing its Eurocentric worldview with its refusal to accept the Other.
There is currently a debate on how to approach the history of peoples, whether in a monographic and ethnocentric way, as has historically been done, or in the form of connected histories of peoples in which the destiny of a people is a consequence of the interaction of other peoples. The aim of this paper is to understand how the emergence of a new society in Europe at the end of the 14th century, together with the longed-for utopia of reaching the origin of spices, led to a process of overseas expansion and the rounding of the Earth. The aim is to find out whether the globalization achieved at the end of the 16th century was capable of achieving total globalization (mental and material) or partial globalization and the influence that Antonio Galvao exerted on this by proposing a global worldview of the peoples as opposed to the prevailing Eurocentric one. I propose a journey that goes from the factors that give birth to the new society, how the Iberian powers were born, how their need for overseas expansion arose and their objective of reaching the origin of spices. Along the way they discover the fourth continent, the oceans, the roundness of the Earth and other cultures. This gave rise to the first globalization. The Eurocentric vision of the Iberians clashed with the different cultures, subjugating the inferior ones and being expelled by the superior ones. The new vision, contributed by Antonio Galvao, on the history of the Earth and of the peoples was totally hidden because it removed the foundations of the conquest rights of the Iberian powers. We can conclude that the psychological transformations that took place from the end of the 14th century to the consolidation of globalization at the end of the 16th century were capable of achieving great human milestones, but incapable of changing its Eurocentric worldview with its refusal to accept the Other.
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especias, sociedad del Renacimiento, expansión ultramarina, eurocentrismo, globalización, Antonio Galvao, spices, Renaissance society, overseas expansion, Eurocentrism, globalization
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Facultades y escuelas::Facultad de Geografía e Historia
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