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Román González, Marcos

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Román González
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2011 - 201962020 - 20241
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Mostrando 1 - 7 de 7
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Visual programming languages integrated across the curriculum in elementary school: A two year case study using “Scratch” in five schools
    (Elsevier, 2016-03-05) Sáez López, José Manuel; Román González, Marcos; Vázquez Cano, Esteban
    Several authors and studies highlight the benefits of the integration of Computer Science into K-12 education. Applications such as Scratch have been demonstrated to be effective in educational environments. The aim of this study is to assess the use of a Visual Pro- gramming Language using Scratch in classroom practice, analyzing the outcomes and at- titudes of 107 primary school students from 5th to 6th grade in five different schools in Spain. The intervention takes place in two academic years analyzing the practice of inte- grating coding and visual blocks programming in sciences and arts. The “Computational concepts and computational practices” dimension details a quasi-experimental approach, which showed significant improvement regarding learning programming concepts, logic, and computational practices with an active approach. The “Learning processes and coding in primary education” dimension analyzes the practice of the experimental group through questionnaires and structured observation. In this pedagogical design, students interact and create their own content related to curricular areas with several advantages, such as motivation, fun, commitment, and enthusiasm, showing improvements related to computational thinking and computational practices. Understanding of computational concepts through an active approach, Project Based Learning, usefulness, motivation, and commitment underline the importance and effectiveness of implementing a Visual Pro- gramming Language from active methodologies in primary education. Due to the afore- mentioned benefits and positive results obtained in this research, it is recommended to implement a Visual Programming Language in educational settings in 5th and 6th grade in primary education through a cross-curricular implementation.
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    Extending the nomological network of computational thinking with non-cognitive factors
    (Elsevier, 2018-03) Román González, Marcos; Pérez González, Juan Carlos; Moreno León, Jesús; Robles, Gregorio
    Computational thinking (CT) is being consolidated as a key set of problem-solving skills that must be developed by the students to excel in our software-driven society. However, in psychological terms, CT is still a poorly defined construct, given that its nomological network has not been established yet. In a previous paper, we started to address this issue studying the correlations between CT and some fundamental cognitive variables, such as primary mental abilities and problem-solving ability. The current work deepens in the same direction as it aims to extend the nomological network of CT with non-cognitive factors, through the study of the correlations between CT, self-efficacy and the several dimensions from the ‘Big Five’ model of human personality: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. To do so, the Computational Thinking Test (CTt) and some additional self-efficacy items are administered on a sample of 1251 Spanish students from 5th to 10th grade (N ¼ 1251), and the Big Five Questionnaire-Children version (BFQ-C) is also taken by a subsample from the above (n ¼ 99). Results show statistically significant correlations between CT and self-efficacy perception relative to CT performance (rs ¼ 0.41), in which gender differences in favor of males are found (d ¼ 0.42). Moreover, results show statistically significant correlations between CT and: Openness to Experience (r ¼ 0.41), Extraversion (r ¼ 0.30), and Conscientiousness (r ¼ 0.27). These findings are consistent with the existing literature except for the unexpected correlation between CT and the Extraversion factor of personality, which is consequently discussed in detail. Overall, our findings corroborate the existence of a non-cognitive side of CT that should be taken into account by educational policies and interventions aimed at fostering CT. As a final contribution, the extended nomological network of CT integrating cognitive and non-cognitive variables is depicted.
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    Can computational talent be detected? Predictive validity of the Computational Thinking Test
    (Elsevier, 2018-11) Román González, Marcos; Pérez González, Juan Carlos; Moreno-León, Jesús; Robles, Gregorio
    Computational thinking (CT) is arising as a set of problem-solving skills that must be acquired by the new generations of students to fully understand and participate in our computer-based world. However, from a psychometric approach, we are still at an early stage regarding the definition and assessment of CT as a psychological variable. One way to advance in this area is to investigate whether ‘computationally talented’ students (i.e., ‘computational top thinkers’) can be detected even before learning to code; and, if so, how to teach them properly to fully develop their high-computational ability. This paper presents several empirical concatenated studies about the predictive validity of the Computational Thinking Test (CTt), which is administered on a sample of 314 middle school Spanish students (n = 314). We report the predictive validity of the CTt, conducted at the beginning of the quarter, with respect to academic performance (Informatics, Mathematics, and Language) and learning analytics in a Code.org course collected at the end of the quarter. We also analyze the predictive validity of the CTt to early distinguish between ‘computational regular thinkers’ and ‘computational top thinkers’ (i.e., those who spontaneously accelerated from the ‘block-based’ programming environment of Code.org to the ‘text-based’ one of Khan Academy). Finally, we perform a case study over two of the students categorized as ‘computational top thinkers’, in which one of their coding products written in Processing JavaScript is described. Our results demonstrate that ‘computationally talented’ students can be detected in middle school, and that these subjects have the ability to accelerate in the Computer Science Education standards between 1 and 2 years compared to the regular learners. This could have major implications on the emerging computing curricula, which should take into account these individual differences in computational ability and ‘learning-how-to-code’ speed to ensure an appropriate progression for every student.
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    Didactic Strategies for the Education of Computational Thinking from a Gender Perspective: A Systematic Review
    (Wiley, 2024-03-13) Torres Torres, Yucnary-Daitiana; Román González, Marcos; Pérez González, Juan Carlos
    Computational Thinking (CT) is crucial for the advancement of the STEM field, where there continues to be a lack of female representation. Teaching and learning (T/L) of CT should incorporate didactic strategies that aim to eliminate gender biases and integrate girls/women into this context. In response to the question, “What didactic strategies have been implemented in the T/L of CT in primary and secondary education?”. A systematic review was conducted following a PRISMA protocol specifically designed for this review. The study analysed Didactic Strategies (DS) and examined whether they incorporated the so-called “minimum actions” (MA) proposed in this article as a strategy to integrate females into CT. The findings revealed a limited number of studies that implemented these actions. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to continue developing DS that incorporate these MA to effectively integrate girls and women into CT, allowing them to play a central role in its advancement and development.
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    Codigoalfabetización y pensamiento computacional en Educación Primaria y Secundaria: validación de un instrumento y evaluación de programas
    (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Escuela Internacional de Doctorado. Programa de Doctorado en Educación, 2016-05-05) Román González, Marcos; Jiménez Fernández, María del Carmen; Pérez González, Juan Carlos
    INTRODUCCIÓN. Vivimos inmersos en una sociedad digital repleta de objetos controlados por software. En este contexto, la capacidad para leer y escribir en el lenguaje de las máquinas emerge como un requisito esencial, un nuevo alfabetismo para la formación de ciudadanos y profesionales del siglo veintiuno. Así, se ha definido a la codigoalfabetización como el conjunto de procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lectoescritura con los lenguajes informáticos de programación (‘coding’); y al pensamiento computacional como el proceso cognitivo de resolución de problemas subyacente. Nos planteamos entonces si es posible (adecuado y viable) y deseable (relevante) introducir la codigoalfabetización en el sistema educativo español, específicamente en las etapas de Educación Primaria y Secundaria. MÉTODO. Para abordar dicha pregunta de investigación se acometen tres estudios empíricos concatenados. A) En primer lugar, se realiza un estudio descriptivo mediante encuestas acerca del evento ‘La Hora del Código’ en España a lo largo de sus dos primeras ediciones, 2013 y 2014; sobre una muestra total de 23 profesores y 1.662 estudiantes, procedentes de 29 centros educativos ubicados por todo el territorio nacional. B) En segundo lugar, se lleva a cabo un estudio instrumental de diseño, construcción y validación del ‘Test de Pensamiento Computacional’ (TPC), destinado fundamentalmente a población escolar española de primer ciclo de la ESO. Para la validación de su contenido, nos apoyamos en el juicio de 20 expertos; y para el estudio de su psicometría, el TPC es aplicado sobre una muestra total de 1.251 estudiantes de 24 centros educativos distintos. Durante la validación del TPC, se aplican otras medidas psicológicas estandarizadas como la batería PMA, los tests RP30 y FI-R, y el cuestionario de personalidad BFQ-NA; así como emergentes medidas alternativas del pensamiento computacional: Tareas Bebras y Dr. Scratch. C) En tercer lugar, se lleva a cabo una evaluación de programas de codigoalfabetización y desarrollo del pensamiento computacional: a) evaluación del curso ‘K-8 Intro to Computer Science’ de Code.org mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental (N=526 sujetos de la ESO); b) evaluación del curso ‘K-5 Computer Science Fundamentals (Course 2)’ de Code.org mediante un diseño pre-experimental (N=51 sujetos de tercer ciclo de Primaria); y c) estudio de casos múltiples sobre dos sujetos de alta capacidad computacional de 1º ESO en el contexto del curso ‘Computer Programming’ de Khan Academy. RESULTADOS. A) El evento ‘La Hora del Código’ consigue globalmente su objetivo de introducir el ‘coding’ en los centros educativos, desmitificando su dificultad y promoviendo que los estudiantes se interesen por profundizar en el aprendizaje de la programación informática. B) Se consigue diseñar un instrumento, el TPC, que presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas: fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad) y validez (criterial, discriminante, convergente y factorial). C) El curso K-8, y de manera plausible el curso K-5, mejora el pensamiento computacional de los estudiantes, no así las otras variables psicológicas estudiadas; y ambos cursos gozan de excelente viabilidad para ser implantados, respectivamente, en primer ciclo de la ESO y tercer ciclo de Primaria. DISCUSIÓN. Globalmente, se concluye la posibilidad (adecuación y viabilidad) y deseabilidad (relevancia) de introducir la codigoalfabetización en nuestro sistema educativo. Si bien: se trata de una adecuación restringida al emergente constructo del pensamiento computacional; existen riesgos de que la viabilidad se vea descompensada en términos de género, a favor del colectivo masculino; y asoma la amenaza de que la relevancia quede reducida a aspectos utilitarios y sociodeterministas.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    El rol de los Compañeros de Apoyo en Red (CAR) en las comunidades virtuales de acogida en la UNED
    (2011-07-11) Román González, Marcos; Sánchez-Elvira Paniagua, Ángeles; Martín Cuadrado, Ana María; González Brignardello, Marcela Paz
  • Miniatura
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    Innovación en el entrenamiento del aprendizaje autónomo: De los cursos en abierto a la formación en línea para estudiantes a distancia
    (2012-07-06) Sánchez-Elvira Paniagua, Ángeles; Martín Cuadrado, Ana María; Manzano Soto, Nuria; Román González, Marcos; González Brignardello, Marcela Paz
    El Plan de Acogida de la UNED tiene como principal objetivo favorecer una integración exitosa de los estudiantes nuevos a la metodología a distancia, así como la prevención del abandono. Una de sus acciones, específicamente destinada al entrenamiento del aprendizaje autónomo y autorregulado, es un curso ofertado en una doble modalidad: informal, en abierto, en el portal OCW de la UNED; y formal, en un curso en línea de tres ECTS. El presente trabajo muestra, la estructura y variedad de contenidos y actividades multimedia que constituyen el curso, así como información sobre algunas características de los participantes, sus valoraciones y su rendimiento académico con respecto al abandono.