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Contreras Felipe, Antonio

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Contreras Felipe
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    The relationship between theory of mind and peer acceptance in preschool children: A test of the counterfactual hypothesis in the social domain
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2023) García Madruga, Juan Antonio; Contreras Felipe, Antonio
    Scientific literature indicates that theory of mind (ToM) is less strongly associated with peer acceptance (PA) in the case of boys and the case of negative nominations. This study hypothesizes that these two effects of ToM on PA could be an epiphenomenon of counterfactual reasoning (CFR). Fifty-three 3-5-year-olds participated in this study. The results confirmed the hypothesis. When the total sample nominated, ToM made a significant contribution to explaining positive nominations, but not negative nominations, beyond age, language, gender and CFR. When separately considering the gender of the nominators, ToM accounted for a significant variance in positive nominations only when girls, but not boys, nominated. Furthermore, CFR was a significant predictor of social rejection beyond age, language and gender when the total sample nominated, as well as when each gender nominated separately. This study could contribute to a better understanding of the socio-cognitive genesis of PA. Practical implications are discussed.
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    Cognitive components that contribute to social adaptation in children: Prevention of bullying from preschool education.
    (Asociación de Análisis del Comportamiento, 2008) García Madruga, Juan Antonio; Contreras Felipe, Antonio
    El estudio trata la repercusión de diversos elementos de la cognición en la adaptación social de los niños 3 de 5 años, constituyendo las conductas agresivas un elemento crucial en su evaluación. El estudio contempla variables de naturaleza social y otras más cognitivas, que se evaluan mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, el estatus sociometrico, un listado de atributos positivos y negativos que recoge la percepción de los niños de sus iguales, y un cuestionario acerca de las conductas agresivas de los niños. Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de considerar la cognición social, en particular, el conocimiento infantil sobre cómo resolver conflictos interpersonales, y el razonamiento contrafáctico como factores importantes en la explicación de la conducta agresiva. Se discute, en función de los resultados, el diseño de estrategias de intervención focalizadas en la mejora de estos aspectos de la cognición social.
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    The relationship of counterfactual reasoning and false belief understanding: the role of prediction and explanation tasks
    (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 2020) García-Madruga, Juan Antonio; Contreras Felipe, Antonio
    The relation between the prediction and explanation of the false belief task (FBT) with counterfactual reasoning (CFR) was explored. Fifty eight 3-5 year-olds received a prediction or an explanation FBT, a belief attribution task and some counterfactual questions of increasing difficulty. Linguistic comprehension was also controlled. CFR highly predicted FBT in the explanation version but not in the prediction one. Additionally, results in the explanation version indicate that CFR underlies achievements prior to the understanding of the representational mind and stimulates the explicitness of the mental domain. This study identifies the conditions under which CFR becomes a fundamental cognitive tool for social cognition. The results obtained contribute to the dialog between the two major theoretical approaches: theory-theory and simulation theory.
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    Efficacy of a self-compassion intervention program on academic achievement in Higher Education
    (Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España). Ediciones Complutense, 2021) Bermúdez Moreno, José; Contreras Felipe, Antonio
    Introducción: La autocompasión (ACP), disposición para tratarse uno mismo de forma amable, incide en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación superior. El estudio analiza la relación entre la ACP y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes del Grado en Psicología. Método: Se empleó un diseño pretest-postest con dos grupos, experimental y control. El primero recibió un programa de entrenamiento en ACP durante todo el curso académico. Nuestras hipótesis fueron: 1ª, que el programa mejoraría los niveles de ACP ante dificultades que se experimentan: a) en el estudio (ACP-DE) y b) en la aplicación de contenidos curriculares a la vida cotidiana (ACP-DAVC); 2ª, una relación positiva y significativa de ambos constructos con el rendimiento académico. Se elaboraron dos escalas para la evaluación de las facetas específico-aplicadas de ACP. Resultados: El programa de intervención produjo una mejora significativa en ACP-DE y ACP-DAVC. El grupo experimental entendió el concepto y utilidad de la ACP, obteniéndose correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el cambio intraindividual en ACP-DAVC y el rendimiento académico. Por el contrario, en el grupo control, diversas medidas intraindividuales de mejora en ACP mostraron correlaciones significativas de signo negativo con el rendimiento académico. Discusión: Globalmente considerados, los resultados prestan un apoyo significativo a las hipótesis planteadas. Se discuten las bondades del programa desarrollado y se plantea la necesidad de considerar la ACP como una clave potencial de innovación educativa en el contexto del enfoque de las competencias propio del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.
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    Stress and academic achievement among distance university students in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic: age, perceived study time, and the mediating role of academic self-efficacy.
    (Springer Nature, 2024-06-21) Cabras, Emilia; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Caprara, Mariagiovanna; Contreras Felipe, Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-0684; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-4966
    The COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated confinement, imposed a novel personal and social context for university students; nevertheless, few studies have addressed the effects of this on distance university students. Indeed, defining the needs of these students under such unique circumstances will allow them to receive the support necessary to effectively reduce their perceived stress and improve their academic achievement. A predictive model was designed to examine the direct effects of the variables’ age and perceived study time on stress and academic achievement in students in an online learning context, as well as to assess the indirect effects through the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Using path analysis, the model was tested on a sample of 1030 undergraduate students between 18 and 60 years old enrolled on a psychology degree course at the UNED (National Distance Learning University of Spain). The model provides a good fit to the data, confirming the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Perceived study time is a factor negatively associated with stress and positively with academic achievement. However, it appeared that age was not related to academic achievement, indicating that academic self-efficacy had no mediating effect on these two variables. Academic self-efficacy is a mediator and protective factor in challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic. These results may contribute to the design of educational and clinical interventions for students at an online learning university over an extended age range.