Persona: Martín Román, Javier
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Martín Román
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Publicación Unemployment Shocks and Material Deprivation in the European Union: A Synthetic Control Approach(Elsevier, 2023) Ayala Cañón, Luis; Martín Román, Javier; Navarro Ruiz, CarolinaThis paper analyzes how material deprivation responds to drastic changes in unemployment levels. We explore unemployment shocks registered in some European Union countries during the so-called Great Recession. To do so, we apply the synthetic control methodology, which has been rarely used in the field of distributive analyses. We use this approach to identify the impact of unemployment shocks on material deprivation and conduct different sensitivity analyses to test the results. We find that contrary to the traditional assumption of the low sensitivity of material deprivation measures to changes in the economic cycle, unemployment shocks have a significant and rapid impact on material deprivation. This conclusion holds even when extending the period of analysis, changing the indicator of material deprivation, or modifying the definition of unemployment shock.Publicación Condición Financiera y fondos de liquidez en España: un enfoque regional(Universidades de Andalucía, 2019) Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Martín Román, Javier; Tránchez Martín, José ManuelEste trabajo estudia el diseño, funcionamiento y factores explicativos de los mecanismos de liquidez que vienen recibiendo las comunidades autónomas del gobierno central desde el año 2012. El análisis del marco institucional sugiere que son herramientas heterogéneas, opacas y cambiantes, lo que dificulta el seguimiento de las relaciones financieras existentes entre los dos niveles de gobierno. En cuanto a los factores explicativos del reparto de los fondos, encontramos que el nivel de endeudamiento tiene un impacto directo sobre las necesidades de liquidez, mientras que los territorios más ricos y más dinámicos han recurrido en menor medida a los fondos de liquidez. Además, encontramos que las necesidades de financiación tienen un componente de demanda, puesto que el crecimiento de la población en los años previos presenta un impacto directo.Publicación What contributes to rising inequality in large cities? Journal of Regional Science(Wiley, 2024-07-19) Martín Román, Javier; Ayala Cañón, Luis; Vicente, JuanThis paper aims to analyze the trends in income inequality in large cities within a selected sample of OECD countries. Specifically, we consider a set of individual characteristics that account for changes in the income distribution and estimate their contribution to differences in inequality in large cities over the last two decades. We use a combination of reweighting techniques and recentered influence functions (RIF) to detect an upward trend in inequality within large cities. This result is mainly driven by changes in the returns to endowments rather than by changes in its distribution. Our findings suggest that these results are not of the same magnitude across the countries analyzed. A key finding is that the contribution to inequality of the skill premium is considerably higher in North American countries than in European countries.Publicación The contribution of the spatial dimension to inequality: A counterfactual analysis for OECD countries(2020) Ayala Cañón, Luis; Martín Román, Javier; Vicente, JuanThis paper provides recent evidence on the contribution of the spatial dimension to inequality and more specifically accounts for the impact of the changes in the territorial distribution of the population on the recent dynamics of income inequality. We use LIS harmonized microdata for a selected sample of OECD countries. We provide new evidence over a more varied group of countries and a more recent period than in previous studies. We perform different types of decompositions to isolate the contribution of the changes in the territorial distribution of the population. The results show a generalized increase in income inequality, with an interesting “reducing effect” on this trend due to inter-territorial population movements.Publicación Fiscal rules to the test: The impact of the Spanish expenditure rule(Elsevier, 2024) Moral Arce, Ignacio; Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Martín Román, JavierDespite the large spread of fiscal rules around the world, there is still not enough evidence of their effectiveness in ensuring fiscal sustainability. Furthermore, there is little evidence of the impact of expenditure rules in countries’ fiscal performance. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Spanish expenditure rule that has been in force since 2012 in controlling the growth of public expenditure. We use a synthetic control methodology to analyze the impact of the rule on the evolution of current and primary expenditure within Spanish public administrations (2001–2018), avoiding the potential endogeneity problems of traditional econometric approaches. Overall, we find that the expenditure rule has largely improved budget sustainability by limiting both current and primary expenditure. These results are robust to different levels of government.Publicación Design of a chatbot as a distance learning assistant(International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE), 2020) Tamayo Lorenzo, Pedro Antonio; Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Martín Román, Javier; Navarro Ruiz, Carolina; Tránchez Martín, José ManuelWithin the process of progressive digitization of materials and tools for teaching and distance learning of a subject of introduction to Microeconomics (quarterly, in year three of the Degree in Social Work), taught by the authors at the National University of Distance Education (UNED), a virtual assistant in the form of chatbot, or conversational robot, called EconBot, has been designed and made available to students from 2017. This paper presents the reasons that led to its adoption, the process of its development, differentiating two phases, its characteristics and functions, the assessment of its usefulness and the role of teachers in the implementation of this type of technological innovation.Publicación Cessation of Activity Benefit for Spanish Self-employed Workers: A Heterogeneous Impact Evaluation(Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, 2019-05) Moral Arce, Ignacio; Martín Román, Javier; Martín-Román, Ángel L.The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effects of a public policy implemented through the Spanish Social Security system: the Cessation of Activity Benefit (CAB) for self-employed workers. Making use of the Continuous Sample of Working Lives (MCVL) and by means of a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology, our results show that, when we do not take into account heterogeneity in the treatment, self-employed workers receiving CAB experience non-employment spells between 33 and 38 logarithmic points longer than their not entitled counterparts. We also detect that this difference is not constant but depends on the likelihood of being treated. We believe that the two traditional problems that affect the insurance markets, consequence of the asymmetric information, adverse selection and moral hazard, are behind these results.