Persona: Magallares Sanjuan, Alejandro
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Magallares Sanjuan
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Alejandro
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Publicación Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Weight-Related Abuse Questionnaire (WRAQ)(Elsevier, 2023-11-25) Jáuregui Lobera, Ignacio; Benito del Valle, Pilar; Irles, José Antonio; Hymowitz, Genna; Magallares Sanjuan, Alejandro; Recio Saboya, PatriciaWeight-related abuse is defined as verbal or physical maltreatment specific to one’s weight. The Weight-Related Abuse Questionnaire (WRAQ) is an instrument specifically designed to measure weight-related abuse. The main goal of this research was to study the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Spanish version of the WRAQ in a non-clinical and a clinical sample. The clinical sample included 150 participants with obesity (60 % women) from the (masked for blind review) Hospital. The non-clinical sample included 301 students (79 % women) from the (masked for blind review) University. Scales to measure weight self-stigma and fear of gaining weight were used to analyze the convergent validity of the WRAQ. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that a two-factor model (verbal and physical abuse) was an acceptable fit for the data in both the clinical and nonclinical samples. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed scalar measurement invariance by sample and gender. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and composite reliability for both samples were found to be good, with values ranging from 0.83 to 0.96. Fear of gaining weight was correlated to verbal (r = 0.36, p < .01) and physical (r = 0.12, p < .05) abuse, and weight self-stigma was also related to physical (r = 0.21, p < .01) and verbal (r = 0.41, p < .01) abuse. These results suggest that the WRAQ can be used in clinical and non-clinical samples to assess verbal and physical abuse in both men and women.Publicación Predictors of Social Distance Toward People with Obesity: The Role of Allophilia(Ubiquity Press, 2017-05-02) Magallares Sanjuan, AlejandroAntifat attitudes refer to the prejudicial assumption of personality characteristics based on a visual assessment of a person with obesity. Allophilia may be defined as the positive attitudes toward different out-groups, including people with obesity. In this study, conducted with 448 participants, it is analyzed whether allophilia, germ aversion, physical disgust, social dominance orientation, perceived controllability of weight, and fear of gaining weight play a central role in explaining the individual differences that exist in social distance toward individuals with obesity. Results showed a negative correlation between the different subscales of allophilia (affection, comfort, kinship, engagement, and enthusiasm) and social distance. Furthermore, a positive relationship between social distance and germ aversion, social dominance orientation, perceived controllability of weight, and fear of gaining weight was found. Moreover, the regression analyses conducted showed that comfort was the best negative predictor of social distance toward individuals with obesity. Finally, the results are discussed in the frame of antifat attitudes literature, suggesting new ways to reduce this pervasive stigma.Publicación La salud psicológica de los obesos ante situaciones de discriminación por el peso(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, 2009-07-14) Magallares Sanjuan, Alejandro; Morales, J. FranciscoPublicación Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Weight Self‑Stigma Questionnaire (S‑WSSQ) in a sample of participants with obesity seeking weight loss treatment(Springer, 2022-10-25) Benito del Valle, Pilar; Irles, José Antonio; Jáuregui Lobera, Ignacio; Magallares Sanjuan, Alejandro; Recio Saboya, PatriciaPurpose Weight self-stigma may be defined as a self-devaluation due to one’s identification with the group of people with obesity. The Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) is an instrument specifically designed to measure weight self-stigma in populations with overweight or obesity. The objective of this study was to adapt the WSSQ to the Spanish population (S-WSSQ) following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations. Methods The sample comprised 165 participants with obesity seeking weight loss treatment (65% women) at the “Hospital de Valme” (Seville, Spain). Scales to measure life satisfaction, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and antifat attitudes were used to analyze the convergent and divergent validity of the S-WSSQ. Results A confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate values of the goodness of fit indexes of a two-factor model (χ2/ df = 2.01 CFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.08, RMSEA = 0.078), replicating the structure found by the original authors. Cronbach’s alphas of the two factors were 0.76 (self-devaluation) and 0.77 (fear of enacted stigma). Composite Reliability values were 0.72 (self-devaluation) and 0.76 (fear of enacted stigma). Self-devaluation and fear of enacted stigma were negatively related to self-esteem, and positive affect, and positively related to negative affect and antifat attitudes. Finally, life satisfaction was negatively correlated to fear of enacted stigma. Conclusions Based on these results, it is concluded that the S-WSSQ has good psychometric properties and might be used by the Spanish-speaking scientific community to measure weight self-stigma. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study.Publicación Spanish adaptation of the Patient Health Engagement scale (S.PHE-s)in patients with chronic diseases(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2017-04-21) Graffigna, Guendalina; Barello, Serena; Bonanomi, Andrea; Lozza, Edoardo; Magallares Sanjuan, AlejandroAdaptación española de la escala Patient Health Engagement (S.PHE-s) en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Antecedentes: la escala Patient Health Engagement es un instrumento construido en base a la experiencia y preferencias de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en lo que respecta a su compromiso con el tratamiento que reciben. Objetivos: el objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar al castellano la escala Patient Health Engagement (S.PHE-s) siguiendo las directrices de las adaptaciones transculturales. Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta de 413 pacientes con diferentes enfermedades crónicas. Resultados: el análisis factorial confi rmatorio mostró un modelo unifactorial que correspondía a la estructura propuesta por los autores originales. La estructura factorial era invariante por género. Además, el modelo Rasch realizado puso de manifi esto la unidimensionalidad de la escala. Además, los coefi cientes de correlación policóricos eran superiores a .60. El Alpha Ordinal de la escala fue de .85. Finalmente, se encontró que la S.PHE-s estaba positivamente relacionada con la satisfacción con la vida, el afecto positivo y la adherencia al tratamiento, y negativamente con el afecto negativo, la depresión y la ansiedad. Conclusiones: a la luz de estos resultados se puede concluir que la S.PHE-s tiene unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y que puede ser usada por la comunidad científi ca hispanohablante para medir el compromiso de los pacientes.Publicación A longitudinal study on coping and emotional well-being in cardiac patients(2022-12-22) Arranz, Henar; Castro, Almudena; Sanjuán Suárez, María Pilar; Magallares Sanjuan, AlejandroEmotions and coping play a role in the prognosis of cardiac patients. This two-wave longitudinal study aims to analyze the ability of adaptive and maladaptive coping to predict the emotional well-being of cardiac patients after controlling for their functional physical capacity. Emotional well-being (positive and negative affect), coping strategies, and functional physical capacity were evaluated both at Time 1 (n = 253) and at Time 2 (n = 186), 8 weeks later. At Time 1, positive affect was positively predicted by adaptive coping and negatively predicted by maladaptive coping, while the opposite pattern was found when negative affect was considered. At Time 2, after controlling for sociodemographic variables and for negative affect and functional physical capacity at T1, negative affect was negatively predicted by adaptive coping and positively predicted by maladaptive coping. In addition, positive affect was only predicted by adaptive coping after controlling for functional physical capacity and positive affect at Time 1. Relationships between coping and emotional well-being remain after controlling for the functional physical capacity of cardiac patients, which has a big impact on their emotional state. Finally, it is suggested that specific modules to improve coping and emotional state of cardiac patients should be included in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs.Publicación Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Dyadic-Familial Relationship Satisfaction Scale(Springer Nature, 2023-03-30) Matera, Camilla; Magallares Sanjuan, Alejandro; Recio Saboya, Patricia; Molero Alonso, Fernando JorgeThe Dyadic-Familial Relationship Satisfaction Scale (DFRSS) is a valid and reliable instrument to assess dyadic and familial dimensions of relationship satisfaction in cohabitant couples with children. The main goal of this research was to validate the Spanish version of the DFRSS (Sp-DFRSS) following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations. Three studies were conducted. In Study 1 (n = 151), an exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring and oblimin rotation was performed to examine the factor structure of the Sp-DFRSS. In Study 2 (n = 500), a confirmatory factor analysis showed that a two factor model (dyadic and familial) provided the best fit to the data. In Study 3 (n = 100), we examined relationship satisfaction using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. The Sp-DFRSS as a whole and its subscales presented adequate reliability in the three studies, with Cronbach’s alphas ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. Moreover, convergent and divergent validity of the Sp-DFRSS was analyzed in Studies 1, 2 and 3, and significant correlations between the Sp-DFRSS’ subscales, life satisfaction, negative and positive affect, attachment (anxiety and avoidance), and psychological well-being were found. The Sp-DFRSS has good psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability, so that it may be used by the Spanish-speaking scientific community to measure relationship satisfaction.Publicación Psychosocial factors, perceived risk and driving in a hostile environment: driving through tunnels(2008-02-22) Arias, Ana V.; Mayordomo López, Sonia; Martínez Rubio, José Luis; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; Magallares Sanjuan, AlejandroA large part of the research on risk in driving has been related to the consumption of alcohol and other substances. However, few studies have analysed risk behaviour in relation to road infrastructure. It took the dramatic accident in the Mont Blanc tunnel to highlight the lack of knowledge about the human factor involved in tunnel accidents and about the factors affecting emergency situations in such settings. This study compares drivers’ perceptions and emotions in relation to driving in tunnels with those provoked by driving on normal roads in the open-air. Furthermore, we explore the factors relevant to risk perception and risk behaviour in tunnels. A total of 458 drivers from Madrid (Spain) responded to a questionnaire on these aspects. The results indicate that tunnels provoke unpleasant feelings and greater perception of risk than roads open to the sky. In spite of these feelings and perceptions, participants drive riskily in tunnels. In this study, we analyse the factors related to perception of risk and driving in tunnels.