Persona: Lã, Filipa M.B.
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Lã
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Filipa M.B.
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Publicación Self-Perceived Voice Handicap During COVID19 Compulsory Facemask Use: A Comparative Study Between Portuguese and Spanish Speakers(Elsevier, 2024-08-02) Polo Cano, Nuria; Lã, Filipa M.B.This study investigates self-perceptions of voice-related handicap as a function of facemask use in the general working population during the COVID19 outbreak, using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Each VHI item was answered twice in a row; the first answer referred to the condition of not wearing a facemask (henceforth, the Without condition) and the second to the condition of using a facemask (henceforth, the With condition). VHI scores were collected via Google Forms (Google, Mountain View, California), targeting 2 groups of speakers of different nationalities, Portuguese (n = 261) and Spanish (n = 297). A Wilcoxon test was carried out to compare VHI scores between With and Without conditions for each group of speakers; a Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups within each condition. Results suggested that VHI overall scores and scores for all dimensions were higher for the With condition, for both Portuguese and Spanish speakers. When comparing groups of speakers, Spanish speakers presented higher scores for functional and emotional dimensions, for both With and Without conditions. In addition, the overall score for the Without condition was higher for Spanish speakers. No differences between groups were found for the total VHI score for the With condition. When comparing overall VHIdiff between speakers, that is, the difference in the VHI total score between With and Without conditions, no significant differences could be found. Thus, a multiple regression analysis was carried out between the VHIdiff and the independent variables of interest: age, sex, smoking habits, professional occupation, nationality, facemask type and its hours of use. The resulting model providing the highest association suggested that 2.5% of the variation in overall VHIdiff total score could be associated with sex, smoking habits, and professional level. Female smokers who use their voices during prolonged hours at work (e.g., teachers, lawyers, sales people) presented a higher VHI total score when wearing a mask. Future voice-related health interventions should address preventive strategies towards speaking behaviors leading to vocal fatigue and vocal effort as a consequence of compulsory facemask use, especially with respect to female professional voice users who smokePublicación Pregnancy and the Singing Voice: Reports from a Case Study(Elsevier, 2012-07) Sundberg, Johan; Lã, Filipa M.B.Publicación What Voice-Related Metrics Change With Menopause? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study(Elsevier, 2022-05) Ardura Martínez, Diego; Lã, Filipa M.B.Voice complaints associated with menopause have been reported by a substantial number of studies. However, to assess the clinical relevance of menopause to voice is still difficult as the extent to which menopausal symptoms are reflected on voice metrics remains unclear. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were carried out to identify voice-related metrics that change with menopause and to quantify the magnitude of those changes. Academic Search Premier, Medline, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched without restriction of publication year until January 2020. Cross-sectional studies comparing voice-related metrics between pre- and post-menopausal women were included. Studies assessing effects of hormonal-replacement therapy were excluded. Datasets with more than one publication were also disregarded. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed applying the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. Given the heterogeneous nature of the primary studies, random-effects models were applied to pool the estimates. Eight articles were considered eligible for meta-analyses, assessing the effects of menopause on 6 voice metrics: mean fundamental frequency (fo), extracted from (1) speech and (2) from sustained vowel /a/; frequency perturbation measures (3) jitter, (4) shimmer and (5) noise-to-harmonics ratio; and (6) maximum phonation time. Both speech fundamental frequency and fo for sustained vowel /a/ were found to be 0.94 and 1.18 semitones lower in post- as compared to pre-menopausal women, respectively. Although significant, the magnitude of these decreases is below the just noticeable interval difference and well above the cutting point for distinguishing female from male voices. No significant differences were found for jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonics ratio, and maximum phonation time. The evaluation of acoustic metrics that reflect a single aspect of voice production at a time may conceal the effects of hormonal shifts during menopause. In addition, several variables interplay during voice production and acoustical measures may constitute weak predictors of vocal folds’ status, where changes associated to sex steroid hormones are most likely to occur.Publicación Intonation and Expressivity: A Single Case Study of Classical Western Singing(Elsevier, 2013-05) Sundberg, Johan; Himonides, Evangelos; Lã, Filipa M.B.Previous studies have shown that singers tend to sharpen phrase-peak tones as compared with equally tempered tuning (ETT). Here we test the hypothesis that this can serve the purpose of musical expressivity. Data were drawn from earlier recordings, where a professional baritone sang excerpts as void of musical expression as he could (Neutral) and as expressive as in a concert (Concert). Fundamental frequency averaged over tones was examined and compared with ETT. Phrase-peak tones were sharper in excited examples, particularly in the Concert versions. These tones were flattened to ETT using the Melodyne software. The manipulated and original versions were presented pairwise to a musician panel that was asked to choose the more expressive version. By and large, the original versions were perceived as more expressive, thus supporting the common claim that intonation is a means for adding expressivity to a performance.Publicación Fundamental frequency disturbances in female and male singers' pitch glides through long tube with varied resistances(Acoustical Society of America (ASA), 2023-08-09) Sundberg, Johan; Granqvist, Svante; Lã, Filipa M.B.Source-filter interaction can disturb vocal fold vibration frequency. Resonance frequency/bandwidth ratios (Q-values) may affect such interaction. Occurrences of fundamental frequency (fo) disturbances were measured in ascending pitch glides produced by four female and five male singers phonating into a 70 cm long tube. Pitch glides were produced with varied resonance Q-values of the vocal tract + tube compound (VT + tube): (i) tube end open, (ii) tube end open with nasalization, and (iii) with a piece of cotton wool in the tube end (conditions Op, Ns, and Ct, respectively). Disturbances of fo were identified by calculating the derivative of the low-pass filtered fo curve. Resonance frequencies of the compound VT+tube system were determined from ringings and glottal aspiration noise observed in narrowband spectrograms. Disturbances of fo tended to occur when a partial was close to a resonance of the compound VT+tube system. The number of such disturbances was significantly lower when the resonance Q-values were reduced (conditions Ns and Ct), particularly for the males. In some participants, resonance Q-values seemed less influential, suggesting little effect of source-filter interaction. The study sheds light on factors affecting source-filter interaction and fo control and is, therefore, relevant to voice pedagogy and theory of voice production.Publicación Prácticas vocales basadas en la evidencia(['Elsevier', 'Asociación Española de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología e Iberoamericana de Fonoaudiología'], 2017-09) Lã, Filipa M.B.Tradicionalmente la pedagogía de la voz se ha basado en un modelo de ense˜nanza-aprendizaje a partir de dominar la práctica transmitida oralmente, en la que se aplicaba untipo de aprendizaje observacional centrado en el producto artístico final. Este modelo se ha idosustituyendo constantemente con el tiempo. Actualmente, la organización social del trabajoen las economías globalizadas ha visto la necesidad de replantear la educación de forma quelas generaciones futuras pueden responder a las necesidades de alumnos que aprenden de porvida, que destacan en el uso de habilidades de sistemas de información, que son flexibles y vocalse adaptan a la falta de estabilidad en el trabajo, y que son capaces de manejar sus propiasoportunidades de emprendimiento. ¿Cómo se puede aplicar todo esto a la pedagogía vocal?Este trabajo tiene como objetivo la búsqueda de respuestas a estas cuestiones, además decontribuir a la discusión que se generó en la 10th Pan European Voice Conference, «PedagogíaVocal. ¿Qué necesitamos?». Se expone la lógica de usar prácticas reflexivas en la educación vocaly que realcen las habilidades metacognitivas del estudiante, al utilizar el conocimiento basadoen la evidencia. La provisión de feedback significativo y el uso de un enfoque holístico en laense˜nanza de la voz se presentan como los medios necesarios para responder a las necesidadesindividuales de los distintos aprendices. Los modelos de ense˜nanza basados en la resolución deproblemas y en el aprendizaje centrado en el alumno se proponen como elementos clave a lahora de desarrollar profesionales de la voz conscientes, que son los que mejor cumplen con lasdemandas de conocimiento de las sociedades del siglo xxi.Publicación Real-Time Visual Feedback of Airflow in Voice Training: Aerodynamic Properties of Two Flow Ball Devices(Elsevier, 2017-05) Wistbacka, Greta; Amarante Andrade, Pedro; Granqvist, Svante; Lã, Filipa M.B.Objectives. Flow ball devices have been used as teaching tools to provide visual real-time feedback of airflow during singing. This study aims at exploring static back pressure and ball height as function of flow for two devices, marketed as flow ball and floating ball game. Study Design. This is a comparative descriptive study. Methods. A flow-driven vocal tract simulator was used to investigate the aerodynamic properties of these two devices, testing them for four different ball sizes. The flow range investigated was between 0 and 0.5 L/s. Audio, flow, pressure, and ball height were recorded. Results. The flow pressure profiles for both tested devices were similar to those observed in previous studies on narrow tubes. For lifting the ball, both devices had a flow and a pressure threshold. The tested floating ball game required considerably higher back pressure for a given flow as compared with the flow ball. Conclusions. Both tested devices have similar effects on back pressure as straws of 3.7 and 3.0 mm in diameter for the flow ball and the floating ball game, respectively. One might argue that both devices could be used as tools for practicing semi-occluded vocal tract exercises, with the additional benefit of providing real-time visual feedback of airflow during phonation. The flow threshold, combined with the flow feedback, would increase awareness of flow, rather than of pressure, during exercises using a flow ball device.Publicación Formant Tuning Strategies in Professional Male Opera Singers(Elsevier, 2013-05) Sundberg, Johan; Gill, Brian P.; Lã, Filipa M.B.The term “formant tuning” is generally used for the case that one of the lowest formant frequencies coincides with the frequency of a source spectrum partial. Some authors claim that such coincidence is favorable and belongs to the goals of classical opera voice training, whereas other authors have found evidence for advising against it. This investigation analyzes the relationships between formant frequencies and partials in professional singers, who sang scales on the vowels /a/, /u/, /i/, and /ae/ in a pitch range including the passaggio, that is, the fundamental frequency range of approximately 300–400 Hz, applying either of the two singing strategies that are typically used (1) in classical and (2) in nonclassical singing, respectively. Formant frequencies of each note in the scales were measured by inverse-filtering the acoustic signal. In the classical style, the first formant tended to be lower than in the nonclassical style. Neither the first nor the second formant tended to change systematically between scale tones, such that on some scale tones either or both formants was just below, just above, or right on a spectrum partial. In many cases, singers produced similar spectrum characteristics of the top tones of the scales with different first and second formant frequencies. Regardless of whether the first formant was slightly lower, slightly higher, or right on a partial, the properties of the voice source did not seem to be affected.Publicación Pain and posture of children and adolescents who learn the accordion as compared with non-instrumentalist learners(Science & Medicine, Inc., 2016-12-01) Liliana, Aparicio; Silva, Anabela G.; Lã, Filipa M.B.Objectives: This study aims at assessing the impacts of practicing the accordion on pain and posture of children and adolescent students. Methods: Pain and posture (forward head posture, scapular posture and lumbar lordosis) were compared between two groups of preparatory and secondary school students, matched for age and sex: those who have accordion lessons, hence accordionists (n=16) and those who never have studied a musical instrument, hence non-instrumentalists (n=16). Results: Students having accordion lessons reported significantly more pain in the shoulder, wrist/hand and thoracic regions (p<0.05), showed a significantly more forward head posture (accordionists (median±IQ distance) = 35.6º ± 7.8º, non-instrumentalists (median±IQ distance) = 45.3º±10.8º; p <0.05), and a significantly increased lumbar lordosis (accordionists (median±IQ 14 distance) = 55.5º ± 30.6º, non-musicians (median±IQ distance)= 39.0º ± 3.9º, p <0.05). No significant differences were found for scapular posture between groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that children and adolescents who play the accordion have an increased forward head posture and lumbar lordosis and a tendency to report more pain than children and adolescents who do no play any musical instrumentPublicación Pain prevalence in instrumentalist musicians: a systematic review(Science & Medicine, Inc., 2015-03-01) Silva, Anabela G.; Afreixo, Vera; Lã, Filipa M.B.Objective: To inform on current prevalence of pain amongst different musicians groups, sex and body region. Methods: Studies were sought from PubMed, Web of Science; Academic Search Complete, Science Direct and Scielo. Databases were searched since 1st January 2000 until December 2012. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and assessed full reports for potentially eligible studies. One reviewer extracted information on musicians’ characteristics, study methods and study quality. When possible a meta-analysis of pain prevalence estimates was performed. Results: A total of 18 studies were included in this systematic review. Studies assessed pain prevalence in general and the prevalence of pain affecting playing capacity for different time periods (point prevalence, one week prevalence, one year prevalence, month prevalence and lifetime prevalence). The prevalence of pain in general, across all groups of musicians and periods of interest over which pain was assessed varied between 29.0% and 90.0%, whereas the prevalence of pain affecting playing capacity varied between 25.8% and 84.4%. There was a tendency for guitar players to have the highest pain prevalence. The most affected body regions were low back (9.8% - 66.7%) and neck (9.8% - 48.5%). Conclusions: Pain prevalence is high among musicians, independently of the pain definition used. Health and educational policy makers should become aware of the high lifetime pain prevalence affecting performance practices, so that pain associated mechanisms are investigated and preventive strategies can be implemented and tested.