Persona: Teira Serrano, David
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Teira Serrano
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Publicación Testing oncological treatments in the era of personalized medicine(['G. Boniolo', 'M. Nathan'], 2016-01-01) Teira Serrano, DavidShould conventional randomized clinical trials provide the standard of safety and efficacy when testing targeted treatments for cancer? Should we make amendments to our current regulatory standard, stick to it, or dispense with it? I am going to maintain that, under certain circumstances, smaller phase II trials provide good enough grounds to grant regulatory approval for targeted therapies. My argument will hinge on the size of trial population, showing how this size is important not only for scientific considerations, but also for ethical and political reasons. The current system was designed to provide massive consumer protection at a point when our understanding of the biology of cancer was still relatively poor and statistical tests gave the only solid evidence about treatment effects. With targeted therapies, risks are hedged in a way that allows patients (if well informed) to make decisions for themselves, instead of deferring on pharmaceutical regulators.Publicación Continental Philosophies of the Social Sciences(2013-03-23) Teira Serrano, DavidI will focus on a few paradigmatic instances of continental philosophies of the social sciences, discussing each one separately without any attempt to find a common thread. The following three sections will deal, in this order, with Marxism, phenomenology and, more briefly, Foucault. I have chosen these three approaches for just one reason: they have had a real influence on how social research has been conducted throughout the 20th century. There have been Marxist, phenomenological and Foucauldian social scientists and they can claim that their research methods are effectively grounded in philosophical principles that analytically-oriented social scientists do not share. Next, I will focus on positive guidelines implemented in current social sciences rather than on principled philosophical discussions about how they should be cultivated. In the case of Marxism, this implies an assessment of major contributions in several fields, whereas phenomenologists or Foucauldians have so far been a dissenting minority with minor professional impact. I follow the (mostly) analytically-minded habit of working with case studies where methodologies are actually implemented. The aim of this chapter is just to show the relevance of continental ideas for certain research agendas, focusing more on their efficacy in actual scientific practices than on their internal philosophical merits. This judgment is admittedly analytically inspired, but I hope not entirely unfair to the continental accomplishments.Publicación A Defence of Pharmaceutical Paternalism(2020-01-30) Teira Serrano, DavidPharmaceutical paternalism is the normative stance upheld by pharmaceutical regulatory agencies like the US Food and Drug Administration. These agencies prevent patients from accessing treatments declared safe and ineffective for the patient’s good without their consent. Libertarian critics of the FDA have shown a number of significant flaws in regulatory paternalism. Against these objections, I will argue that, in order to make an informed decision about treatments, a libertarian patient should request full disclosure of the uncertainty about an experimental treatment. But pharmaceutical markets, on their own, are not a reliable source of information about such uncertainty. And companies have the power to capture any independent expert who may assess it. Therefore, the libertarian is better off deferring on an independent regulatory body the assessment of the pharmaceutical risks, constraining access to treatments until tested.Publicación Has classical gene position been practically reduced?(2020-09-16) Vidal Fàbrega, Oriol; Teira Serrano, DavidOne of the defining features of the classical gene was its position (a band in the chromosome). In molecular genetics, positions are defined instead as nucleotide numbers and there is no clear correspondence with its classical counterpart. However, the classical gene position did not simply disappear with the development of the molecular approach, but survived in the lab associated to different genetic practices. The survival of classical gene position would illustrate Waters’ view about the practical persistence of the genetic approach beyond reductionism and anti-reductionist claims. We show instead that at the level of laboratory practices there are also reductive processes, operating through the rise and fall of different techniques. Molecular markers made the concept of classical gene position practically dispensable, leading us to rethink whether it had any causal role or was just a mere heuristic.Publicación Ensayos clínicos e interés general. Cómo la política precede a la bioética(2008-05-15) Teira Serrano, DavidEste artículo estudia la justificación normativa de la adopción de los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados por parte de las autoridades sanitarias británicas como estándar metodológico en 1946. A partir de un análisis de los distintos intereses de los participantes en el proceso (pacientes, médicos, farmacéuticas y el propio Estado) argumentamos que la aleatorización se adoptó como mecanismo de asignación imparcial de tratamientos, aunque sus propiedades estadísticas no fueran bien comprendidas. Tal justificación permanece aún vigente.Publicación On the Normative Dimension of St. Petersburg Paradox(2009-08-07) Teira Serrano, DavidPublicación The epistemic status of reproducibility in political fact-checking(2024-02-24) Fernández-Roldán Díaz, Alejandro; Teira Serrano, DavidFact-checking agencies assess and score the truthfulness of politicians’ claims to foster their electoral accountability. Fact-checking is sometimes presented as a quasi-scientific activity, based on reproducible verification protocols that would guarantee an unbiased assessment. We will study these verification protocols and discuss under which conditions fact-checking could achieve effective reproducibility. Through an analysis of the methodological norms in verification protocols, we will argue that achieving reproducible fact-checking may not help much in rendering politicians accountable. Political fact-checkers do not deliver either reproducibility or accountability today, and there are reasons to think that traditional quality journalism may serve liberal democracies better.Publicación A contractarian approach to actuarial fairness(2024-01-21) Heras Martínez, Antonio José; Pradier, Pierre Charles; Teira Serrano, DavidWe defend, from a contractarian perspective, that the fair price of an insurance policy is the amount that the contracting parties agree when they are both equally uncertain about the insured event. Drawing on the approach developed by R. Sugden in The Community of Advantage, we answer two standard objections raised against contractarianism in the actuarial sciences: 1) people are not wise enough to assess their actuarial risks; 2) they are not rational enough to decide which insurance policy suits them better. We show under which circumstances people can make fair actuarial agreements, without presupposing any objective risk or rationality benchmarks.Publicación Introducción(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Editorial, 2021-07-01) Elías Pérez, Carlos; Teira Serrano, DavidPublicación Is the Genie Out of the Bottle? Digital Platforms and the Future of Clinical Trials(2019-01-01) Tempini, Niccolo; Teira Serrano, DavidIs it possible to conduct impartial clinical trials in a world full of digital networking tools that patients can use to coordinate themselves and act against research protocols? This paper builds on an ethnography of PatientsLikeMe, a company running an Internet social media network where patients with different conditions share their clinical data with standardised questionnaires. The company faced a serious dilemma in 2011 when some ALS patients, members of the site, started sharing data about a phase II clinical trial of an experimental drug (NP001) in which some of them were participating, to anticipate the experiment’s outcomes and understand each one’s allocation over trial arms. In parallel, some other patients were using the site and other web tools to coordinate and run their own replication of the trial with homebrew mixes of industrial grade chemicals. PatientsLikeMe researchers reflected on their position as networks managers and eventually decided to use the collected data to develop their own analysis of the efficacy of the original compound, and of the homebrewers’ compound. They presented the NP001 events as a case in point for articulating a new social contract for clinical research. This paper analyses these events, first, by understanding the clinical trial as an experiment organisation form that can succeed only as long as its protocol can be enforced; second, we observe how web networks make it dramatically easier for the trial protocol to be violated; finally, we point out how a potentially dangerous confluence of interests over web networks could incubate developments that disrupt the status quo without creating a robust and safe alternative for experimentation. We conclude by warning about the interests of the pharmaceutical industry in exploiting patients’ methodological requests to its own advantage.