Persona: Fernández Sedano, Iciar
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Fernández Sedano
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Publicación Diferencias culturales en la expresión verbal y no verbal de las emociones(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2000) Carrera, Pilar; Sánchez, Flor; Páez Rovira, Darío; Candia, Luis; Fernández Sedano, IciarLa investigación que presentamos tiene como objeto analizar la relación entre las dimensiones culturales y la expresión verbal y no verbal de las emociones de alegría, cólera - enfado y tristeza. Los resultados confirman que las culturas asiáticas presentan un sistema de regulación emocional más fuerte o marcado que los otros grupos culturales estudiados. Además, estas sociedades asiáticas presentan menos diferencias de género. La dimensión cultural que mejor predice la baja expresividad verbal y la no expresión verbal emocional es la masculinidad cultural. La expresión emocional en las culturas con alta distancia de poder se caracteriza por el respeto y la deferencia. Asimismo, esta dimensión predice la baja expresión verbal de las emociones negativas. Por otra parte, la evitación de la incertidumbre no está asociada generalmente a la alta expresividad emocional. Finalmente, los datos corroborar que comunicar buenos sentimientos a otras personas es más típico de los países colectivistas y con alta distancia de poder.Publicación Interdependent self-construal, competitive attitudes, culture and emotional reactions on sadness(Psychologia Society, 2008) Carrera, Pilar; Páez Rovira, Darío; Sánchez, Flor; Fernández Sedano, IciarTwo studies analyzed the relationship between interdependent self-construal, competitive attitudes, emotional expression, coping, and subjective emotional reaction on sadness. This article reports the research carried out in 29 countries. These studies replicate previous research showing that people living in collectivist and high power distance contexts report low verbal expression, and low emotional intensity. Participants sharing collectivist self-construal and competitive attitudes reported more secondary coping (that is, self-modification or suppression reactions). However, only competitive attitudes were related to low verbal emotional expression and low subjective reactions. Participants answered questions related to a typical person and for their personal experience. Results suggest that cultural feelings and display norms can explain the stoical emotional personal style, since actual self-reported and general emotional knowledge patterns were similar. However, the association between coping and subjective reactions was stronger in the personal experience condition, suggesting that internal processes depend on norms less than open verbal behavior.Publicación Prototypical Anger Components: A Multilevel Study(SAGE, 2014-02-25) Carrera, Pilar; Páez Rovira, Darío; Alonso Arbiol, Itziar; Campos, Miryam; Basabe, Nekane; Fernández Sedano, IciarThis study explored the effects of psychological and cultural variables on self-reported emotional prototypes of anger. Eight anger components were examined using a multilevel analysis. Competitiveness, interdependence, gender, instrumentality, and expressivity were entered as individual variables, and individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and the Human Development Index (HDI) were entered as cultural variables. All highlight the importance of considering simultaneously the individual and social levels, with a view to gaining more in-depth knowledge of the emotions. Data were collected among 5,006 college students from 25 countries. Being female, instrumentality, HDI, and the interaction between country-level HDI competitiveness predicted internal processes and behavioral outcomes of anger prototypes. Expressivity, instrumentality, country-level masculinity, and the interaction between gender and country-level masculinity predicted self-control mechanisms of anger prototypes. It is concluded that salient differences in anger prototypes can be found at both individual and country level, and that interaction effects of HDI with individual variables are essential in understanding anger prototypes.Publicación How verb tense affects the construal of action: The simple past tense leads people into an abstract mindset(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2014) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero Gonzalez, Amparo; Albarracín, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-0940Two experiments examined the influence of verb tense on how abstractly people construe action representations. Experiment 1 revealed that written descriptions of several daily events using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense) resulted in actions and the action’s target being seen as less likely and less familiar, respectively. In Experiment 2 participants wrote about a personal episode of binge drinking (using the simple past tense vs. simple present tense), and the resulting narratives were coded using the Linguistic Category Model (see Semin & Fiedler, 1991). Results revealed that events were described at a more abstract level when texts were written using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense). The results are discussed in the context of other effects of verb form and in relation to construal level of events.Publicación The present projects past behavior into the future while the past projects attitudes into the future: How verb tense moderates predictors of drinking intentions(Elsevier, 2012-04-13) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero Gonzalez, Amparo; Albarracín, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-0940Three studies examined how the use of the present versus the past tense in recalling a past experience influences behavioral intentions. Experiment 1 revealed a stronger influence of past behaviors on drinking intentions when participants self-reported an episode of excessive drinking using the present tense. Correspondingly, there was a stronger influence of attitudes towards excessive drinking when participants self-reported the episode in the past tense. Experiments 2 and 3 liked this effect to changes in construal level (Liberman, Trope, & Stephan, 2007; Trope & Liberman, 2003), with the present tense being similar to a concrete construal level and the past tense being similar to an abstract construal level.Publicación Using Abstractness to Confront Challenges: How the Abstract Construal Level Increases People’s Willingness to Perform Desirable But Demanding Actions(American Psychological Association, 2019-09-19) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero Gonzalez, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-0940Previous research has shown that while considering future behavioral intentions, desirability is more salient in making decisions in an abstract mindset than in a concrete one. Based on this premise, we test whether behavioral intentions to engage in desirable but difficult actions are more likely in an abstract mindset than a concrete mindset. We experimentally manipulated (Studies 1 through 4 using cognitive primes) and measured as a personal disposition (Study 5 using the Behavioral Identification Form) the construal level to evaluate its influence on the willingness to perform challenges. The behaviors tested focused on self-benefits (Studies 4 and 5) and benefits to others (Studies 1 through 3 and 5). Studies 1 and 2 included only demanding behaviors, whereas Studies 3 through 5 included both difficult and easy conditions. In Studies 1 and 2, the participants were more motivated to attempt a difficult task when they were in an abstract mindset. In Studies 3 through 5, the participants in the abstract (compared to concrete) mindset reported a greater willingness and commitment to attempt desirable but demanding behaviors. Finally, in Study 5, the influence of the construal level on the global behavioral plan index (three behaviors) was moderated by feasibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)Publicación Abstractness leads people to base their behavioral intentions on desired attitudes(Elsevier, 2017) Carrera, Pilar; Caballero Gonzalez, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-0940People sometimes want attitudes that differ from the ones they currently possess. These desired attitudes appear to be psychologically meaningful, but little is known about the properties of these evaluations. Because desired attitudes are hypothetical constructs (i.e., attitudes that one does not yet possess) and are distant in time (i.e., attitudes one could have in the future), we argued, based on construal level theory, that they should be represented in a relatively abstract manner, and consequently, we examined the implications of this abstractness for the characteristics and impact of desired attitudes. Consistent with this, we demonstrate that people perceive desired attitudes as more invariant across time and context, that desired attitudes are less impacted by changes in low-level features related to the attitude object (Study 1a and 1b) and that desired attitudes have a greater impact on behavioral intentions when people are in an abstract rather than concrete mindset (Studies 2–3). Although we did not make specific predictions regarding actual attitudes, they better predicted behavioral intentions in the concrete mindset (Studies 2–3). This last result should be taken with caution, considering that the level of abstraction shown by actual attitudes in Study 1a was at or slightly above the midpoint of our abstraction index.Publicación Abstract Construal Level and its Link to Self-Control and to Cross-Situational Consistency in Self-Concept: Predicting Health-Risk Behavioral Intentions(Cambridge University Press, 2018) Caballero Gonzalez, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Aguilar, Pilar; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-0940From a dispositional perspective, we extend the action identification theory (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987) and construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003) to cross-situational consistency of self and self-control. Two studies examined the relationships among the abstract mindset (Vallacher & Wegner, 1989), cross-situational consistency in self-concept (Vignoles et al., 2016), and self-control (Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone 2004). In Study 1, participants (N = 725) characterized by high cross-situational consistency showed more abstraction in their thinking (p < .001, ηp2 = .17). In Study 2 (N = 244) cross-situational consistency and self-control explained 10% of construal level, with self-control being a significant predictor (p < .001). Construal level and cross-situational consistency explained 17% of self-control; both were significant predictors (p < .001). Self-control explained 8% of cross-situational consistency (p < .001). Study 2 showed that participants with higher levels of abstraction, cross-situational consistency, and self-control reported a greater intention to control their future sugar intake (p < .001). Data supported relationships among abstract construal level, cross-situational consistency and self-control.Publicación Abstractness and Messages Describing Consequences Promote Healthier Behavioral Intentions(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018-09-13) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero Gonzalez, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-0940Many health-risk behaviors present a self-control conflict in which the short-term outcomes of an action conflict with its long-term consequences. Across three studies, we find that an abstract construal level leads people to focus on long-term rather than short-term consequences when both are described in a message (vs. no message). Studies 1 and 2 explore this hypothesis through a risk behavior (snacking on sugary products), and Study 3 does the same through a health behavior (physical exercise). In Study 1, the Behavioral Identification Form scale is used to measure the construal level as a personal disposition; Studies 2 and 3 use a priming task designed by Freitas, Gollwitzer, and Trope to manipulate the construal level. All these studies show that, under an abstract mindset, people who have read a mixed-outcome message (vs. no message) tend to base their behavioral plans on long-term outcomes. Individually or in small groups (e.g. school class, therapy groups) health messages can be presented along with protocols to change construal level and thus, promote healthier intentionsPublicación Construal level as a moderator of the role of affective and cognitive attitudes in the prediction of health-risk behavioural intentions(Wiley, The British Psychological Society, 2014-06-13) Carrera, Pilar; Caballero Gonzalez, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; González Iraizoz, Marta; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-0940In two preliminary control checks it was shown that affective attitudes presented greater abstraction than cognitive attitudes. Three further studies explored how construal level moderated the role of affective and cognitive attitudes in predicting one health-promoting behaviour (exercising) and two risk behaviours (sleep debt and binge drinking). There was a stronger influence of affective attitudes both when participants were in abstract (vs. concrete) mindsets induced by a priming task in Studies 1a and 1b, and when behavioural intentions were formed for the distant (vs. near) future in Study 2. In the case of concrete mindsets, the results were inconclusive; the interaction between construal level and cognitive attitudes was only marginally significant in Study 1b. The present research supports the assertion that in abstract mindsets (vs. concrete mindsets) people use more affective attitudes to construe their behavioural intentions. Practical implications for health promotion are discussed in the framework of construal-level theory.