Persona:
Fernández Sedano, Iciar

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Fernández Sedano
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Iciar
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2000 - 200922010 - 201910
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Autor: Carrera, Pilar × Fecha de finalización: 2019 ×

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Mostrando 1 - 10 de 12
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Desires matter! Desired attitudes predict behavioural intentions in people who think abstractly: the case of eating products without added salt
    (Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019-05-01) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Introducción. La investigación previa muestra que la coherencia en el nivel de constructo entre el estilo de pensamiento de una persona y los predictores mejoraba la fuerza de las predicciones. Puesto que las actitudes deseadas son más abstractas que las reales, esperábamos que aquellas constituyesen mejores predictores de las intenciones de comportamiento en las personas que tienen un estilo de pensamiento abstracto. Objetivo. Para comprobar el efecto de esta correlación entre las actitudes deseadas y el estilo de pensamiento abstracto, medimos el nivel de constructo en términos de tendencia basal personal. Método. Los participantes (N = 105) informaron sobre su experiencia pasada, sus actitudes deseadas y reales sobre comer alimentos sin sal añadida y sus intenciones de comportamiento. Para clasificar a los participantes en un estilo de pensamiento abstracto o concreto, se codificó su primer pensamiento aplicando el modelo de categoría lingüística (LCM). Resultados. El análisis de pendientes simples (simple slopes) reveló un efecto significativo de las actitudes deseadas sobre las intenciones de comportamiento en los participantes con un estilo de pensamiento abstracto. Conclusión. Nuestros resultados corroboran la relevancia de las actitudes deseadas en relación con las predicciones de comportamiento y amplían el papel del nivel de constructo en la predicción y promoción de un comportamiento deseable pero exigente en el marco de las diferencias individuales.
  • No hay miniatura disponible
    Publicación
    Using Abstractness to Confront Challenges: How the Abstract Construal Level Increases People’s Willingness to Perform Desirable But Demanding Actions
    (American Psychological Association, 2019-09-19) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Previous research has shown that while considering future behavioral intentions, desirability is more salient in making decisions in an abstract mindset than in a concrete one. Based on this premise, we test whether behavioral intentions to engage in desirable but difficult actions are more likely in an abstract mindset than a concrete mindset. We experimentally manipulated (Studies 1 through 4 using cognitive primes) and measured as a personal disposition (Study 5 using the Behavioral Identification Form) the construal level to evaluate its influence on the willingness to perform challenges. The behaviors tested focused on self-benefits (Studies 4 and 5) and benefits to others (Studies 1 through 3 and 5). Studies 1 and 2 included only demanding behaviors, whereas Studies 3 through 5 included both difficult and easy conditions. In Studies 1 and 2, the participants were more motivated to attempt a difficult task when they were in an abstract mindset. In Studies 3 through 5, the participants in the abstract (compared to concrete) mindset reported a greater willingness and commitment to attempt desirable but demanding behaviors. Finally, in Study 5, the influence of the construal level on the global behavioral plan index (three behaviors) was moderated by feasibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Cambios evolutivos (14-21 años) en los patrones de ingesta puntual de alcohol en exceso y en sus factores explicativos
    (SAGE Publications, 2014-09-01) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Conocer la evolución de los patrones de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes y jóvenes constituye una información relevante para el diseño de programas de prevención. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de dichos patrones en función de la edad y su papel para explicar dicho comportamiento en el marco de la Teoría de la Conducta Planeada. Trabajando con 273 participantes divididos en tres grupos (estudiantes de 3º de ESO, estudiantes de 4º de ESO y estudiantes universitarios), se constata un aumento con la edad de la frecuencia personal de consumo puntual de alcohol en exceso y una actitud más positiva hacia dicho consumo. Así mismo, los resultados obtenidos al aplicar análisis de ecuaciones estructurales muestran que este comportamiento es explicado por un modelo distinto en cada grupo de edad, de forma que a medida que aumenta la edad de los jóvenes, aumenta el papel de la actitud positiva hacia el comportamiento y del control percibido en la explicación del consumo, disminuyendo el peso de los grupos de referencia. Los resultados también muestran importantes diferencias entre los distintos grupos de edad respecto a los motivos que los jóvenes atribuyen a la realización y no realización de esta conducta.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Abstract Construal Level and its Link to Self-Control and to Cross-Situational Consistency in Self-Concept: Predicting Health-Risk Behavioral Intentions
    (Cambridge University Press, 2018) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Aguilar, Pilar; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    From a dispositional perspective, we extend the action identification theory (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987) and construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003) to cross-situational consistency of self and self-control. Two studies examined the relationships among the abstract mindset (Vallacher & Wegner, 1989), cross-situational consistency in self-concept (Vignoles et al., 2016), and self-control (Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone 2004). In Study 1, participants (N = 725) characterized by high cross-situational consistency showed more abstraction in their thinking (p < .001, ηp2 = .17). In Study 2 (N = 244) cross-situational consistency and self-control explained 10% of construal level, with self-control being a significant predictor (p < .001). Construal level and cross-situational consistency explained 17% of self-control; both were significant predictors (p < .001). Self-control explained 8% of cross-situational consistency (p < .001). Study 2 showed that participants with higher levels of abstraction, cross-situational consistency, and self-control reported a greater intention to control their future sugar intake (p < .001). Data supported relationships among abstract construal level, cross-situational consistency and self-control.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Construal level as a moderator of the role of affective and cognitive attitudes in the prediction of health-risk behavioural intentions
    (['Wiley', 'The British Psychological Society'], 2014-06-13) Carrera, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; González Iraizoz, Marta; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    In two preliminary control checks it was shown that affective attitudes presented greater abstraction than cognitive attitudes. Three further studies explored how construal level moderated the role of affective and cognitive attitudes in predicting one health-promoting behaviour (exercising) and two risk behaviours (sleep debt and binge drinking). There was a stronger influence of affective attitudes both when participants were in abstract (vs. concrete) mindsets induced by a priming task in Studies 1a and 1b, and when behavioural intentions were formed for the distant (vs. near) future in Study 2. In the case of concrete mindsets, the results were inconclusive; the interaction between construal level and cognitive attitudes was only marginally significant in Study 1b. The present research supports the assertion that in abstract mindsets (vs. concrete mindsets) people use more affective attitudes to construe their behavioural intentions. Practical implications for health promotion are discussed in the framework of construal-level theory.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Abstractness and Messages Describing Consequences Promote Healthier Behavioral Intentions
    (Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018-09-13) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Many health-risk behaviors present a self-control conflict in which the short-term outcomes of an action conflict with its long-term consequences. Across three studies, we find that an abstract construal level leads people to focus on long-term rather than short-term consequences when both are described in a message (vs. no message). Studies 1 and 2 explore this hypothesis through a risk behavior (snacking on sugary products), and Study 3 does the same through a health behavior (physical exercise). In Study 1, the Behavioral Identification Form scale is used to measure the construal level as a personal disposition; Studies 2 and 3 use a priming task designed by Freitas, Gollwitzer, and Trope to manipulate the construal level. All these studies show that, under an abstract mindset, people who have read a mixed-outcome message (vs. no message) tend to base their behavioral plans on long-term outcomes. Individually or in small groups (e.g. school class, therapy groups) health messages can be presented along with protocols to change construal level and thus, promote healthier intentions
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Differences between cultures in emotional verbal and non-verbal reactions
    (Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2000) Carrera, Pilar; Sánchez, Flor; Páez Rovira, Darío; Candia, Luis; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    La investigación que presentamos tiene como objeto analizar la relación entre las dimensiones culturales y la expresión verbal y no verbal de las emociones de alegría, cólera - enfado y tristeza. Los resultados confirman que las culturas asiáticas presentan un sistema de regulación emocional más fuerte o marcado que los otros grupos culturales estudiados. Además, estas sociedades asiáticas presentan menos diferencias de género. La dimensión cultural que mejor predice la baja expresividad verbal y la no expresión verbal emocional es la masculinidad cultural. La expresión emocional en las culturas con alta distancia de poder se caracteriza por el respeto y la deferencia. Asimismo, esta dimensión predice la baja expresión verbal de las emociones negativas. Por otra parte, la evitación de la incertidumbre no está asociada generalmente a la alta expresividad emocional. Finalmente, los datos corroborar que comunicar buenos sentimientos a otras personas es más típico de los países colectivistas y con alta distancia de poder.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    How verb tense affects the construal of action: The simple past tense leads people into an abstract mindset
    (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2014) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Albarracín, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Two experiments examined the influence of verb tense on how abstractly people construe action representations. Experiment 1 revealed that written descriptions of several daily events using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense) resulted in actions and the action’s target being seen as less likely and less familiar, respectively. In Experiment 2 participants wrote about a personal episode of binge drinking (using the simple past tense vs. simple present tense), and the resulting narratives were coded using the Linguistic Category Model (see Semin & Fiedler, 1991). Results revealed that events were described at a more abstract level when texts were written using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense). The results are discussed in the context of other effects of verb form and in relation to construal level of events.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The present projects past behavior into the future while the past projects attitudes into the future: How verb tense moderates predictors of drinking intentions
    (Elsevier, 2012-04-13) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Albarracín, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Three studies examined how the use of the present versus the past tense in recalling a past experience influences behavioral intentions. Experiment 1 revealed a stronger influence of past behaviors on drinking intentions when participants self-reported an episode of excessive drinking using the present tense. Correspondingly, there was a stronger influence of attitudes towards excessive drinking when participants self-reported the episode in the past tense. Experiments 2 and 3 liked this effect to changes in construal level (Liberman, Trope, & Stephan, 2007; Trope & Liberman, 2003), with the present tense being similar to a concrete construal level and the past tense being similar to an abstract construal level.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Abstractness leads people to base their behavioral intentions on desired attitudes
    (Elsevier, 2017) Carrera, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    People sometimes want attitudes that differ from the ones they currently possess. These desired attitudes appear to be psychologically meaningful, but little is known about the properties of these evaluations. Because desired attitudes are hypothetical constructs (i.e., attitudes that one does not yet possess) and are distant in time (i.e., attitudes one could have in the future), we argued, based on construal level theory, that they should be represented in a relatively abstract manner, and consequently, we examined the implications of this abstractness for the characteristics and impact of desired attitudes. Consistent with this, we demonstrate that people perceive desired attitudes as more invariant across time and context, that desired attitudes are less impacted by changes in low-level features related to the attitude object (Study 1a and 1b) and that desired attitudes have a greater impact on behavioral intentions when people are in an abstract rather than concrete mindset (Studies 2–3). Although we did not make specific predictions regarding actual attitudes, they better predicted behavioral intentions in the concrete mindset (Studies 2–3). This last result should be taken with caution, considering that the level of abstraction shown by actual attitudes in Study 1a was at or slightly above the midpoint of our abstraction index.