Persona: Pérez Fernández, Vicente
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Publicación Intermittent-Excessive and Chronic-Moderate Ethanol Intake during Adolescence Impair Spatial Learning, Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in the Adulthood(ELSEVIER, 2019-10-15) Contreras, Ana; Polín Alía, Eduardo; Miguéns, Miguel; Pérez García, Carmen; Pérez Fernández, Vicente; Ruiz Gayo, Mariano; Morales, Lidia; Del Olmo, Nuria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-0851; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-211X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-822X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-0071Intermittent and excessive ethanol consumption over very short periods of time, known as binge drinking, is common in the adolescence, considered a vulnerable period to the effects of alcohol in terms of cognitive performance. One of the brain functions most drastically affected by ethanol in adolescent individuals seems to be spatial learning and memory dependent on the hippocampus. In the current study we have focused on the long-lasting effects on spatial learning and memory of intermittent and excessive alcohol consumption compared to chronic and moderate alcohol exposure during adolescence. Five-week old male Wistar rats consumed ethanol for 24 days following two different self-administration protocols that differed in the intake pattern. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated in the radial arm maze. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was assessed by measuring field excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Hippocampal expression of AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits as well as levels of phosphorylated Ser9-GSK3β (the inactive form of GSK3β) were also quantified. Our results show that both patterns of ethanol intake during adolescence impair spatial learning, memory and cognitive flexibility in the adulthood in a dosedependent way. Nevertheless, changes in synaptic plasticity, gene expression and levels of inactive GSK3β depended on the pattern of ethanol intake.Publicación Efecto de la variedad de estímulos condicionales en la velocidad de adquisición de discriminaciones(Sociedad para el Avance del Estudio Científico del Comportamiento. SAVECC, 2022) Polín Alía, Eduardo; Pérez Fernández, Vicente; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-211XEl presente experimento tenía como objetivo comparar, en participantes humanos, la velocidad de adquisición de discriminaciones condicionales en función de la variedad, o no, de estímulos condicionales. Para ello se empleó un diseño intra-sujeto consistente en tres bloques de entrenamiento: A, B y C. El bloque A consistía en una discriminación condicional estándar en la que se entrenaban tres igualaciones a la muestra (A1-B1, A2-B2, A3-B3). El bloque B consistía en una nueva discriminación en la que la función discriminativa de uno de los estímulos de comparación estaba determinada por tres estímulos de muestra diferentes en lugar de solo por uno (C1-D1, C2-D2, C3/C4/C5 -D3). El bloque C, por su parte, presentaba variedad en los tres estímulos condicionales (E1/E2/E3-F1, E4/E5/E6-F2, E7/E8/E9-F3). El contrabalanceo del orden de presentación de los distintos bloques dio lugar a 6 condiciones diferentes: ABC/ACB/BAC/BCA/CAB/CBA, siendo cada condición llevada a cabo por un único participante. Los resultados mostraron una adquisición más lenta en función de la variedad, siendo el bloque C el que requirió de un mayor número de ensayos para ser completado con éxito.Publicación Insensitivity to Post-Reinforcement Delay in the Choices of Pigeons and Humans(Asociación de Análisis del Comportamiento, 2024) Polín Alía, Eduardo; Pérez Fernández, Vicente; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-211XResearch on choice behavior has helped us to identify many of the variables that determine the decisions we make, leading to better predictions of these behaviors and the development of technologies for their modification. However, research on decision-making in situations of negative punishment is scarce compared to other conditions, such as reinforcement or positive punishment, at least in studies with non-human subjects. The present paper tries to address this question through four experiments on choice behavior by pigeons and humans. The aims of the first experiment (with four pigeons) were to study the validity of considering the duration of access to the reinforcer as the length of the delay of the consequence, and the duration of the inter-trial interval as the degree of negative punishment, in a concurrent program in which these parameters were varied. Results showed insensitivity to the length of the inter-trial interval, a phenomenon that was replicated with forty-seven human participants under an analogous procedure in experiment 2. Experiment 3 (with four pigeons and fifty-one humans) and experiment 4 (with twelve pigeons and one hundred ninety-seven humans) explored the efficacy in increasing this sensitivity of including differential contexts during post-reinforcement delays and/or commitment response. Results revealed a greater isolated effect of the commitment response and a markedly reduced effect of the differential contexts. The main conclusion of this work is that choices are affected very little by the duration of the post-reinforcement delay, although this insensitivity can be slightly reduced by requiring a commitment responsePublicación Remembering as an operant: Effects of instructional control and reinforcement on remembering behavior(Springer, 2024) Olives, Víctor de; Polín Alía, Eduardo; Pérez Fernández, Vicente; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-211XWith the general aim of providing more evidence for considering certain behaviors involved in the act of remembering as operant, two experiments were carried out to verify its sensitivity to differential reinforcement, and to some of the variables upon which it depends. In the first experiment, three children participated, and two variables were manipulated in a “free recall” task: the accuracy of the instructions and the magnitude of the reinforcer applied to the emission of the target words. In the second experiment, 60 was changed to one of comparison between groups. In this case, the response-reinforcer interval (immediate vs. delayed) was manipulated using a “recognition” task. In both experiments, a greater number of remembered items were found in the presence of reinforcement compared to its absence, as well as with a greater magnitude of the reinforcer and with a shorter delay. These results are discussed considering the peculiarities of verbal behavior in humans and provide evidence that operant processes have an important role in traditional human memory tasks.