Persona:
Salazar Valez, Leire

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Salazar Valez
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Leire
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2020 - 20243
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Mostrando 1 - 3 de 3
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    Social Inequalities
    (Oxford University Press, 2020) Salazar Valez, Leire
    This chapter addresses the extent of social inequalities in contemporary Spain using a broad array of indicators. Trends in economic inequalities are firstly analysed. The risk of poverty and social exclusion are then considered because of their special relevance in the Spanish case in the context of the Great Recession. Then, changes in educational inequalities and social mobility are examined. An account of several indicators of gender differences in the labour market and in other areas, is then provided. Lastly, a discussion of social inequalities across generations is offered. These trends are compared with those in other European countries, and specificities of the Spanish case are particularly emphasized.
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    Perinatal health in Spain during and after the Great Recession: Educational selection into fertility as a protective factor in high unemployment contexts
    (Elsevier, 2024-01) Seiz Puyuelo, Marta; Salazar Valez, Leire; Eremenko, Tatiana
    Higher maternal resources have long been associated with superior birth outcomes. This study analyzes the potentially protective role of maternal educational selection into fertility in adverse macroeconomic contexts. We focus on the case of Spain, a country reaching record-high unemployment levels during the Great Recession starting in 2008. First, we examine whether selection into fertility of more educated mothers took place as province-level unemployment rates rose. Secondly, we assess whether maternal education mitigated the impact of higher unemployment levels on different birth outcomes. The analysis combines register data on the universe of live births with aggregate data on province-level unemployment. We cover the period 2007–2019 to ensure sufficient variability of unemployment rates and perform linear regression and linear probability models with fixed effects to hold constant unobserved heterogeneity across provinces. Findings indicate selection into fertility of mothers with university-level education in times of high unemployment. In addition, while unemployment rates did show an adverse impact on certain birth outcomes –birthweight, the occurrence of low and very low birthweight, and the risk of stillbirth – maternal education mitigated the observed relations. It was itself, moreover, consistently and independently associated with better perinatal health. We thus conclude that fertility selectivity by maternal education cushioned the impact of the adverse economic context derived from the Great Recession through two separate pathways.
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    La igualdad pendiente. La persistencia de la desigualdad de oportunidades tras la expansión educativa.
    (Fundación "La Caixa", 2022) Requena y Díez de Revenga, Miguel; Salazar Valez, Leire
    El sistema educativo español experimentó una gran expansión, sobre todo a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado. Esta expansión ha aumentado el nivel formativo de las generaciones más jóvenes, especialmente en el caso de las mujeres. Sin embargo, aunque ha reducido las desigualdades educativas, no las ha erradicado. Hoy día se sigue constatando una clara asociación entre las condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales de los hogares y la probabilidad de escolarización temprana de la infancia, la tasa de abandono escolar y la oportunidad de los hijos e hijas de cursar estudios terciarios. Particularmente preocupante es la situación de sectores sociales con escasa formación y rentas bajas, que se enfrentan a grandes dificultades a la hora de evitar que sus hijos obtengan resultados educativos desfavorables.