Persona: Colmenar Santos, Antonio
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Colmenar Santos
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Publicación Adaptive model predictive control for electricity management in the household sector(Elsevier, 2022-05) Muñoz Gómez, Antonio Miguel; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Fernández Aznar, Gregorio; Galán Hernández, Noemi; Colmenar Santos, AntonioThis paper focuses on the optimisation of electricity consumption in residential buildings. To deal with the increase in electricity consumption, the intermittency of renewable energy generation and grid contingencies, a greater effort is required towards residential management optimisation. A novel adaptive model predictive control algorithm is proposed to achieve this objective. The challenges for this research included recognising and modelling the economic and technical constraints of the sources and appliances and addressing the uncertainties concerning the weather and user behaviour. Data-driven models are developed and trained to predict the user behaviour and buildings. Artificial neural networks and statistical models based on the weighted moving average are proposed to capture the patterns of deferrable and non-deferrable appliances, battery storage, electric vehicles, photovoltaic modules, buildings and grid connections. A dual optimisation method is devised to minimise the electricity bill and achieve thermal comfort. The proposed optimisation solver is a two-step optimisation method based on genetic algorithm and mixed integer linear programming. A comprehensive simulation study was carried out to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method through a set of simulation scenarios. The results of the quantitative analysis undertaken as part of this study show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm towards reducing electricity charges and improving grid elasticity.Publicación Technological improvements in energetic efficiency and sustainability in existing combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants(Elsevier, 2018-08-01) Gómez Camazón, David; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Blanes Peiró, Jorge Juan; Colmenar Santos, AntonioData from an existing combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant are used to create a computer simulation to allow efficiency and emission calculations, simulation and assessing improvements that apply partial regeneration with solar hybridization. The proposed amendments to this triple-pressure steam-reheat combined cycle (CCC3PR) with 400 MW of net power incorporates a regenerator and thermal energy, from a source of renewable solar energy up to 50 MW, in order to reduce the energy loss in the gas turbine. The calculation and simulation models were created using Visual Basic code. Regeneration and solar hybridization were found to contribute to increasing efficiencies of around 2.25% to 3.29% depending on the loading point. The reduction of gas consumption was between 6.25% and 9.45% and the overall cycle efficiency loss is minimal due to hybridization. There was a loss of the net power of the new cycle but it is considerably lower if than heat from a renewable source is supplied to the cycle. This net power loss has an average value of 7.5% with regeneration only and of 1% with regeneration and hybridization. The reduction of fuel consumption is significant which could result in saving approximately 4 million €/year. Partial regeneration in the gas turbine and solar thermal power in the existing CCGTs provide an interesting possibility for reducing emissions (by 26,167 t/year). In conclusion, partial regeneration with solar hybridization provides an interesting and proven possibility to increase performance and efficiency whilst reducing emissions from the existing CCC3PR.Publicación Electric vehicle charging strategy to support renewable energy sources in Europe 2050 low-carbon scenario(Elsevier, 2019-09-15) Muñoz Gómez, Antonio Miguel; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; López-Rey García-Rojas, ÁfricaThe EU has undertaken a thorough reform of its energy model. Current EU 2050 climate commitment sets an 80–95% GHG reduction goal. To reach this goal, the EU must make continued progress towards a low-carbon society. Renewable energy sources and electric vehicle play an important role for a gradual transition. The power grid faces a challenging future due to intermittency and the non-dispatchable nature of wind and solar energy production, but flexibility needs can migrate from generation to load, with the expansion of demand-side resources and storage technologies. A novel grid technique is presented and evaluated in this paper for the optimal integrated operation of renewable resources and electric vehicle to increase penetration of renewable energy. It is proposed a distribute control system to manage a charge and discharge strategy to support mismatching between load and renewable generation thru V2G technology. Demand response, peak saving and ancillary services are introduced to keep a reliable power quality, stable frequency and flatten load profile.Publicación Simulation of modeling of multi-megawatt photovoltaic plants with high voltage direct current grid integration(Elsevier, 2018-05-15) Guinduláin Argandoña, Tomás; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Blanes Peiró, Jorge Juan; Colmenar Santos, AntonioThis paper develops an integrated model of multi megawatt PV plant with HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) or HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) network, using the specific software of power electronics PSIM. This model has been developed by functional blocks, including the photovoltaic field itself, the pertinent conversion units for the integration of each network as well as the network type for production. The models allow to obtain transmissions loss for any combination of the three variables on which they depend; network length (km), temperature (°C) and irradiance (W/m2). To verify the validity of the model and demonstrate the distribution advantages of HVDC -even for relatively low-photovoltaic power plants in comparison to the common applications currently used in HVDC networks-, a case study has been used which has led to the conclusion that the use of HVDC networks may be convenient for this type of power generation plants.Publicación Technical approach for the inclusion of superconducting magnetic energy storage in a smart city(Elsevier, 2018-09-01) Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; López-Rey García-Rojas, ÁfricaSmart grids are a concept which is evolving quickly with the implementation of renewable energies and concepts such as Distributed Generation (DG) and micro-grids. Energy storage systems play a very important role in smart grids. The characteristics of smart cities enhance the use of high power density storage systems, such as SMES systems. Because of this, we studied the possibility of adapting these systems in this kind of electrical topology by simulating the effects of an energy storage system with high power density (as SMES). An electrical and control adaptation circuit for storing energy was designed. The circuit consisted of three blocks. The first one was a passive filter LCL. The second was a converter system that allows rectifying of the signal when the system runs in charge mode but acts as an inverter when it changes to discharge mode. Finally, there is a chopper that allows the current levels to be modified. Throughout simulations, we have seen the possibility of controlling the energy supply so as the storage. This permits to adapt to different contingencies which may induce the wiring of the charge in the net, as well as different types of charges. Despite the technical contribution of this kind of systems in the Spanish electrical network, there are big obstacles that would prevent its inclusion in the network, such as the high cost of manufacturing and maintenance compared with other cheaper systems such as superconductors or the low energy density, which limits their use.Publicación Líneas de investigación del DIEEC de la UNED en Enseñanza a Distancia(2001-06-01) Peire Arroba, Juan; Rivilla, I.; Carpio, J.; Castro Gil, Manuel Alonso; Colmenar Santos, AntonioPublicación Technical challenges for the optimum penetration of grid-connected photovoltaic systems: Spain as a case study(Elsevier, 2020-01) Linares Mena, Ana Rosa; Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Borge Díez, David; Colmenar Santos, AntonioThis research reviews the technical requirements of grid-connected photovoltaic power plants to increase their competitiveness and efficiently integrate into the grid to satisfy future demand requirements and grid management challenges, focusing on Spain as a case study. The integration of distributed resources into the electric network, in particular photovoltaic energy, requires an accurate control of the system. The integration of photovoltaic energy has resulted in significant changes to the regulatory framework to ensure proper integration of distributed generation units in the grid. In this study, the requirements of the system operator for the management and smart control are first analysed and then the technical specifications established by the network operator in reference to the components of the facility are evaluated. This analysis identifies the shortcomings of the current legislation and concludes with a summary of the main technical recommendations and future regulatory challenges that need to be undertaken in the future. It is presented as a reference case that can be adapted worldwide.Publicación Legislative and economic aspects for the inclusion of energy reserve by a superconducting magnetic energy storage: Application to the case of the Spanish electrical system(Elsevier, 2018-02) Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Blanes Peiró, Jorge Juan; Colmenar Santos, AntonioWith the encouragement from renewable energies, elements of the electrical system are magnified which make possible a suitable connection to the electrical network. Among others, energy storage systems (ESSs) are emphasized because of their impact. This article discusses two essential aspects to take into account for an ESS, that is the regulatory framework and the economic aspect. In particular, it focuses on superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in the Spanish electrical system. An analysis is performed on the legislation and regulations that apply to energy storage systems, which may affect in a direct or indirect manner its inclusion. This is accompanied by an analysis of the legislation in different countries to assess the situation in Spain in this regard, by comparison. Another point to take into consideration, which is crucial for the correct development and inclusion of this type of elements, is the economic viability- showing the costs of manufacturing and maintenance of these systems. Although it is necessary to keep investigating to lower the costs, economic benefits are appreciated, among other things, owing to the increase of the reliability of the electrical network. This increase of the reliability is resultant from a decrease of the cuts of service and the improvement of the quality of the energy.