Persona: Colmenar Santos, Antonio
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Colmenar Santos
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Publicación Analysis on the electric vehicle with a hybrid storage system and the use of Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)(Elsevier, 2021-11) Molina Ibáñeza, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; Mur Pérez, FranciscoGiven the current load and power density limitations in electric vehicle (EV) storage systems, it is necessary to study hybrid and control systems in order to optimize their performance and present themselves as a real alternative to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This implies the development of legislation and specific regulations that enable the research and development of these storage and management systems for hybrid systems. The research presented here aims to analyze the implementation of the SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) energy storage system for the future of electric vehicles. To do this, the need for a hybrid storage system has been taken into account, with several regulatory options, such as the reduction of rates or the promotion of private investments, which allow the technological development of EVs. What is sought is to achieve the market share proposed by the different countries to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG), according to their objectives. This approach must be taken from the legislative and regulatory perspective, specific to EVs and charging points, of several countries or regions with different cultures, management models and implementation potential, such as the United States of America (USA), Europe and China. This analysis is associated with the economic study of costs that this storage system may involve in the implementation of EVs to replace ICE vehicles, resulting in possible economic benefits as well as the environmental benefits of the use of EVs. In this analysis, the current high cost of using a hybrid system of these characteristics can be observed with the comparison of three EVs, as well as current data on GHG emissions produced by transport. All this leads to a series of advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account in order to achieve the objectives that countries have in the coming decades of EV diffusion.Publicación Techno-economic analysis of a heat and power combination system based on hybrid photovoltaic-fuel cell systems using hydrogen as an energy vector(Elsevier, 2021-06-01) Peláez Peláez, Sofía; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Ana-Esther RosalesA techno-economic assessment is conducted for a hybrid combined generation system based on renewable storage technologies such as those offered by fuel cells and using hydrogen as a fuel, which is considered to be a sustainable energy vector. The proposed system consists of three subsystems: a photovoltaic system, which generates electrical energy through solar energy; the system for the generation, consumption and storage of hydrogen, where an electrolyzer is available to obtain hydrogen from water; the fuel cell, which will generate electrical and heat energy and a hydrogen tank to store the hydrogen; and a thermal system, consisting of a Heat Recovery Steam System and an absorption chiller where the thermal energy from the heat cell will be used for the thermal load. The electrical energy generated by the fuel cell serves as a support for the solar energy when, for whatever reason, it cannot meet the demand. The economic assessment, performed using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software, shows that the net present cost of the optimized system is $1,006,293 and the cost of energy $0.8399/kWh. The research here presented proved that, although this system is not economically viable at present, it is technically possible.Publicación Technological improvements in energetic efficiency and sustainability in existing combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants(Elsevier, 2018-08-01) Gómez Camazón, David; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Blanes Peiró, Jorge Juan; Colmenar Santos, AntonioData from an existing combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant are used to create a computer simulation to allow efficiency and emission calculations, simulation and assessing improvements that apply partial regeneration with solar hybridization. The proposed amendments to this triple-pressure steam-reheat combined cycle (CCC3PR) with 400 MW of net power incorporates a regenerator and thermal energy, from a source of renewable solar energy up to 50 MW, in order to reduce the energy loss in the gas turbine. The calculation and simulation models were created using Visual Basic code. Regeneration and solar hybridization were found to contribute to increasing efficiencies of around 2.25% to 3.29% depending on the loading point. The reduction of gas consumption was between 6.25% and 9.45% and the overall cycle efficiency loss is minimal due to hybridization. There was a loss of the net power of the new cycle but it is considerably lower if than heat from a renewable source is supplied to the cycle. This net power loss has an average value of 7.5% with regeneration only and of 1% with regeneration and hybridization. The reduction of fuel consumption is significant which could result in saving approximately 4 million €/year. Partial regeneration in the gas turbine and solar thermal power in the existing CCGTs provide an interesting possibility for reducing emissions (by 26,167 t/year). In conclusion, partial regeneration with solar hybridization provides an interesting and proven possibility to increase performance and efficiency whilst reducing emissions from the existing CCC3PR.Publicación Líneas de investigación del DIEEC de la UNED en Enseñanza a Distancia(2001-06-01) Peire Arroba, Juan; Rivilla, I.; Castro Gil, Manuel Alonso; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; Carpio Ibáñez, JoséPublicación Legislative and economic aspects for the inclusion of energy reserve by a superconducting magnetic energy storage: Application to the case of the Spanish electrical system(Elsevier, 2018-02) Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Blanes Peiró, Jorge Juan; Colmenar Santos, AntonioWith the encouragement from renewable energies, elements of the electrical system are magnified which make possible a suitable connection to the electrical network. Among others, energy storage systems (ESSs) are emphasized because of their impact. This article discusses two essential aspects to take into account for an ESS, that is the regulatory framework and the economic aspect. In particular, it focuses on superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in the Spanish electrical system. An analysis is performed on the legislation and regulations that apply to energy storage systems, which may affect in a direct or indirect manner its inclusion. This is accompanied by an analysis of the legislation in different countries to assess the situation in Spain in this regard, by comparison. Another point to take into consideration, which is crucial for the correct development and inclusion of this type of elements, is the economic viability- showing the costs of manufacturing and maintenance of these systems. Although it is necessary to keep investigating to lower the costs, economic benefits are appreciated, among other things, owing to the increase of the reliability of the electrical network. This increase of the reliability is resultant from a decrease of the cuts of service and the improvement of the quality of the energy.Publicación Study on the economics of wind energy through cryptocurrency(Elsevier, 2022-11-02) Vega Marcosa, Raúl; Mur Pérez, Francisco; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Colmenar Santos, AntonioThe Green Pact signed by the European Union establishes a trend towards renewable energies to combat the greenhouse gas emissions. Among the technologies used to produce this type of energy, wind power generation technology stands out, which, in countries such as Spain, already has significant installed power. The main problems posed by this technology plans are the uncertainty intervals of wind power and its inclusion in the electricity market, due to the complex price system that does not always favor the producers. The main purpose of this research is to promote the installation of more wind power plants. For this, the installation of cryptocurrency mining equipment is proposed, which will be powered by the generation produced by these wind power plants. The article analyzes the production of cryptocurrencies is a growing business. In the research process, the latest cryptocurrency mining equipment is evaluated. It is analyzed which equipment is the most suitable for its installation in the wind power plant and an economic study is made for the construction project of a large wind power plant. Finally, it will be seen that in this way the amortization time of the facilities decreases and also the project is more attractive for the investor since they can decide between injecting energy into the electrical network or mining cryptocurrencies. If a wind power plant invests in cryptocurrency mining in parallel to the production of electrical energy for the grid, it can decide when to enter the electricity market pool or engage in mining. In this way, the idea of building many more wind power plants becomes more attractive. This would lead to a market where this renewable energy would be much more abundant and the price curve would shift to a lower price, as well as a significant reduction in greenhouse emissions.Publicación Electric vehicle charging strategy to support renewable energy sources in Europe 2050 low-carbon scenario(Elsevier, 2019-09-15) Muñoz Gómez, Antonio Miguel; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; López-Rey García-Rojas, ÁfricaThe EU has undertaken a thorough reform of its energy model. Current EU 2050 climate commitment sets an 80–95% GHG reduction goal. To reach this goal, the EU must make continued progress towards a low-carbon society. Renewable energy sources and electric vehicle play an important role for a gradual transition. The power grid faces a challenging future due to intermittency and the non-dispatchable nature of wind and solar energy production, but flexibility needs can migrate from generation to load, with the expansion of demand-side resources and storage technologies. A novel grid technique is presented and evaluated in this paper for the optimal integrated operation of renewable resources and electric vehicle to increase penetration of renewable energy. It is proposed a distribute control system to manage a charge and discharge strategy to support mismatching between load and renewable generation thru V2G technology. Demand response, peak saving and ancillary services are introduced to keep a reliable power quality, stable frequency and flatten load profile.Publicación Teaching Using Collaborative Research Projects: Experiences with Adult Learners in Distance Education(MDPI, 2021-09-18) Enrique Rosales Asensio; Sierra García, José Carlos; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Jesús Romero Mayoral; Colmenar Santos, AntonioThis research studies the acquisition and improvement of specific cognitive, functional, and social competencies of the students enrolled in a university module in which we applied Collaborative Research Project (CRP) strategy. The module was Research Methodology for a master’s degree in research in electrical engineering, electronics and industrial control given at the National Distance Education University (UNED) in Spain. This practice was applied to a research project in which the private sector was interested in. We have been aiming at increasing academia–industry interaction while promoting active learning; both are principles advocated by the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Having applied this strategy, the module learning outcomes were evaluated following the guideline standards set by the National Agency for Quality Assessment of Universities (ANECA) of the Spanish Government. The results from this evaluation indicated that CRP, even when carried out by using distance learning, has encouraged the students’ interest in both research and the module. It has also fostered collaboration between students and lecturers while increasing their degree of satisfaction. We highlight the difficulties in merging all the outcomes from the students’ research as the main drawback.Publicación Technical approach for the inclusion of superconducting magnetic energy storage in a smart city(Elsevier, 2018-09-01) Molina Ibáñez, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; López-Rey García-Rojas, ÁfricaSmart grids are a concept which is evolving quickly with the implementation of renewable energies and concepts such as Distributed Generation (DG) and micro-grids. Energy storage systems play a very important role in smart grids. The characteristics of smart cities enhance the use of high power density storage systems, such as SMES systems. Because of this, we studied the possibility of adapting these systems in this kind of electrical topology by simulating the effects of an energy storage system with high power density (as SMES). An electrical and control adaptation circuit for storing energy was designed. The circuit consisted of three blocks. The first one was a passive filter LCL. The second was a converter system that allows rectifying of the signal when the system runs in charge mode but acts as an inverter when it changes to discharge mode. Finally, there is a chopper that allows the current levels to be modified. Throughout simulations, we have seen the possibility of controlling the energy supply so as the storage. This permits to adapt to different contingencies which may induce the wiring of the charge in the net, as well as different types of charges. Despite the technical contribution of this kind of systems in the Spanish electrical network, there are big obstacles that would prevent its inclusion in the network, such as the high cost of manufacturing and maintenance compared with other cheaper systems such as superconductors or the low energy density, which limits their use.Publicación Novel design and development of advanced remote electronics experiments(Wiley, 2014-05-14) Tawfik, Mohamed; Monteso Fernández, Santiago; García Loro, Félix; Sancristobal, Elio; Ruiz Larrocha, Elena; Díaz Orueta, Gabriel; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; Peire, Juan; Castro Gil, Manuel AlonsoThis article reports on the design and development of a new set of remotely controlled electronics experiments oriented to postgraduates and apprentices. Industrial-related issues are emphasized to allow understanding of the behavior of electronics components. The experiments are fully delivered online with a high level of flexibility. Remote retrieved results are provided.