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Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena

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0000-0003-2258-6623
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Gaudioso Vázquez
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2018 - 201932020 - 20248
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Mostrando 1 - 10 de 11
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Machine Learning Weather Soft-Sensor for Advanced Control ofWastewater Treatment Plants
    (MDPI, 2019) Hernández del Olmo, Félix; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena; Duro Carralero, Natividad; Dormido Canto, Raquel
    Control of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is challenging not only because of their high nonlinearity but also because of important external perturbations. One the most relevant of these perturbations is weather. In fact, different weather conditions imply different inflow rates and substance (e.g., N-ammonia, which is among the most important) concentrations. Therefore, weather has traditionally been an important signal that operators take into account to tune WWTP control systems. This signal cannot be directly measured with traditional physical sensors. Nevertheless, machine learning-based soft-sensors can be used to predict non-observable measures by means of available data. In this paper, we present novel research about a new soft-sensor that predicts the current weather signal. This weather prediction differs from traditional weather forecasting since this soft-sensor predicts the weather conditions as an operator does when controling the WWTP. This prediction uses a model based on past WWTP influent states measured by only a few physical and widely applied sensors. The results are encouraging, as we obtained a good accuracy level for a relevant and very useful signal when applied to advanced WWTP control systems.
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    Machine learning algorithm to characterize antimicrobial resistance associated with the International Space Station surface microbiome
    (BioMed Central (Springer), 2022) Madrigal, Pedro; Singh, Nitin K.; Wood, Jason M.; Mason, Christopher E.; Venkateswaran, Kasthuri; Beheshti, Afshin; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena; Hernández del Olmo, Félix
    Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has a detrimental impact on human health on Earth and it is equally concerning in other environments such as space habitat due to microgravity, radiation and confinement, especially for long-distance space travel. The International Space Station (ISS) is ideal for investigating microbial diversity and virulence associated with spaceflight. The shotgun metagenomics data of the ISS generated during the Microbial Tracking–1 (MT-1) project and resulting metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) across three flights in eight different locations during 12 months were used in this study. The objective of this study was to identify the AMR genes associated with whole genomes of 226 cultivable strains, 21 shotgun metagenome sequences, and 24 MAGs retrieved from the ISS environmental samples that were treated with propidium monoazide (PMA; viable microbes). Results: We have analyzed the data using a deep learning model, allowing us to go beyond traditional cut-offs based only on high DNA sequence similarity and extending the catalog of AMR genes. Our results in PMA treated samples revealed AMR dominance in the last flight for Kalamiella piersonii, a bacteria related to urinary tract infection in humans. The analysis of 226 pure strains isolated from the MT-1 project revealed hundreds of antibiotic resistance genes from many isolates, including two top-ranking species that corresponded to strains of Enterobacter bugandensis and Bacillus cereus. Computational predictions were experimentally validated by antibiotic resistance profiles in these two species, showing a high degree of concordance. Specifically, disc assay data confirmed the high resistance of these two pathogens to various beta-lactam antibiotics. Conclusion: Overall, our computational predictions and validation analyses demonstrate the advantages of machine learning to uncover concealed AMR determinants in metagenomics datasets, expanding the understanding of the ISS environmental microbiomes and their pathogenic potential in humans.
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    Advanced Control by Reinforcement Learning for Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Comparison with Traditional Approaches
    (MDPI, 2023) Gorrotxategi Zipitria, Mikel; Hernández del Olmo, Félix; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena; Duro Carralero, Natividad; Dormido Canto, Raquel
    Control mechanisms for biological treatment of wastewater treatment plants are mostly based on PIDS. However, their performance is far from optimal due to the high non-linearity of the biological and changing processes involved. Therefore, more advanced control techniques are proposed in the literature (e.g., using artificial intelligence techniques). However, these new control techniques have not been compared to the traditional approaches that are actually being used in real plants. To this end, in this paper, we present a comparison of the PID control configurations currently applied to control the dissolved oxygen concentration (in the active sludge process) against a reinforcement learning agent. Our results show that it is possible to have a very competitive operating cost budget when these innovative techniques are applied.
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    Toward Embedding Robotics in Learning Environments With Support to Teachers: The IDEE Experience
    (IEEE, 2023-12-06) Orlando, Samantha; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena; Paz López, Félix de la
    Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in using different technologies, such as educational robotics in classrooms. However, in many cases, teachers have neither the necessary background to efficiently use these kits nor the information about how students are using robotics in classroom. To support teachers, learning environments with robotics tools should monitor the students’ interaction data while they are interacting with the different resources provided. With the analysis of this data, teachers can obtain valuable information about students’ learning progress. In previous work, we presented integrated didactic educational environment (IDEE), an integrated learning environment that uses robotics to support physics laboratories in secondary education. Students’ interactions with IDEE are stored and analyzed using the additive factor model to show the teachers the most significant skills in the learning process and those students who have difficulties with these skills. Now, our goal is to enhance the information given to the teachers to allow them to focus on the specific needs of each student on every different skill involved in the activities and not only the significant skills. To this end, we use a conjunctive knowledge tracing model based on a hidden Markov model. In this article: first, we describe how the CKT model has been adapted to the pedagogical model of IDEE, second, we show that this model can identify the skills that each student masters, and thus, support teachers in identifying learning criticalities in students.
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    An Adaptive, Comprehensive Application to Support Home-Based Visual Training for Children With Low Vision
    (IEEE, 2019) Matas, Yolanda; Santos, Carlos; Hernández del Olmo, Félix; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena
    Low vision is a visual impairment that cannot be improved by standard vision aids such as glasses. Therefore, to improve their visual skills, people affected by low vision usually follow a visual training program planned and supervised by an expert in this eld. Visual training is especially suitable for children because of their plasticity for learning. However, due to a lack of specialists, training sessions are usually less frequent than optimal. Thus, home-based visual training has emerged as a solution to this problem because it can be undertaken by experts and families together. We implemented the Visual Stimulation on the Internet (EVIN) application, which provides comprehensive visual training tasks through games. It also provides reports on children's performance in these visual training tasks. Although EVIN has shown its usefulness in previous works, two main solutions are needed: (i) a support setup to help experts and families work together to address, among other things, the large variety of exercises and different congurations that can be prescribed and (ii) a rigorous experimental design to compare children trained with EVIN and those trained with traditional materials. To face these challenges, we present an adaptive version of EVIN that provides a new design tool that allows experts to plan visual training tasks through templates in advance. In addition, we developed new metrics and reports to achieve a more accurate assessment of a child's improvement. Among other results, it allowed us to develop an reliable experiment to evaluate signicant improvements in children trained with EVIN.
  • Miniatura
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    Tackling the start-up of a reinforcement learning agent for the control of wastewater treatment plants
    (Elsevier, 2018) Hernández del Olmo, Félix; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena; Dormido Canto, Raquel; Duro Carralero, Natividad
    Reinforcement learning problems involve learning by doing. Therefore, a reinforcement learning agent will have to fail sometimes (while doing) in order to learn. Nevertheless, even with this starting error, introduced at least during the non-optimal learning stage, reinforcement learning can be affordable in some domains like the control of a wastewater treatment plant. However, in wastewater treatment plants, trying to solve the day-to-day problems, plant operators will usually not risk to leave their plant in the hands of an inexperienced and untrained reinforcement learning agent. In fact, it is somewhat obvious that plant operators will require firstly to check that the agent has been trained and that it works as it should at their particular plant. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem by giving a previous instruction to the reinforcement learning agent before we let it act on the plant. In fact, this previous instruction is the key point of the paper. In addition, this instruction is given effortlessly by the plant operator. As we will see, this solution does not just solve the starting up problem of leaving the plant in the hands of an untrained agent, but it also improves the future performance of the agent.
  • Miniatura
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    EVIN, an adaptive, comprehensive application to support home-based visual training for children with low vision
    (International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 2021) Santos Plaza, Carlos Manuel; Matas Martín, Yolanda; Hernández del Olmo, Félix; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena
    La baja visión es una deficiencia visual que no puede ser mejorada con ayudas ópticas convencionales. No obstante, para incrementar sus habilidades estas personas pueden seguir un programa de entrenamiento visual planificado y supervisado por un experto en este campo. Este entrenamiento es especialmente efectivo en niños, debido a su plasticidad para aprender. Pero, debido a la falta de expertos especializados, las sesiones de entrenamiento son generalmente menos frecuentes de lo que sería conveniente. Los programas de entrenamiento visual online son una solución para mitigar este problema, porque pueden ser llevado a efecto por expertos y familias de forma conjunta. De este modo, desarrollamos la aplicación Estimulación Visual en Internet (EVIN), que proporciona un programa de entrenamiento visual en diferentes tareas a través de juegos. Además, presenta informes de los resultados de los niños durante el entrenamiento. Aunque en trabajos anteriores ya se ha probado la utilidad de EVIN, se ha visto necesaria abordar dos nuevas metas: (i) proporcionar algún tipo de soporte en EVIN que ayude a expertos y familias a trabajar juntos debido, entre otras causas, a la gran variedad de ejercicios y configuraciones que pueden ser prescritas a los niños y, (ii) diseñar un riguroso experimento para comparar el entrenamiento visual en niños con EVIN con el entrenamiento con métodos tradicionales. Para afrontar estos objetivos, presentamos una versión adaptativa de EVIN que proporciona una nueva herramienta que permite al experto planificar el entrenamiento visual usando plantillas de ejercicios prediseñadas. Además, hemos desarrollado nuevas métricas e informes que permiten valorar con mayor precisión los resultados de los niños. Todo ello nos ha permitido desarrollar un experimento para evaluar si se produce mejora significativa en los niños entrenados con EVIN.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Supporting Teachers to Monitor Student’s Learning Progress in an Educational Environment With Robotics Activities
    (IEEE, 2020-03-06) Orlando, Samantha; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena; Paz López, Félix de la
    Educational robotics has proven its positive impact on the performances and attitudes of students. However, the educational environments that employ them rarely provide teachers with relevant information that can be used to make an effective monitoring of the student learning progress. To overcome these limitations, in this paper we present IDEE (Integrated Didactic Educational Environment), an educational environment for physics, that uses EV3 LEGO Mindstorms R© educational kit as robotic component. To provide support to teachers, IDEE includes a dashboard that provides them with information about the students’ learning process. This analysis is done by means of an Additive Factor Model (AFM). That is a well-known technique in the educational data mining research area. However, it has been usually employed to carry out analysis about students’ performance data outside the system. This can be a burden for the teacher who, in most cases, is not an expert in data analysis. Our goal in this paper is to show how the coefficients of AFM provide valuable information to the teacher without requiring any deep expertise in data analysis. In addition, we show an improved version of the AFM that provides a deeper understanding about the students’ learning process.
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    Finite Element Analysis of Different Transverse Flux Linear Induction Motor Models to Improve the Performance of the Main Magnetic Circuit
    (MDPI, 2024) Domínguez Hernández, Juan Antonio; Duro Carralero, Natividad; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-5878
    This paper delves into the knowledge of transverse flux linear induction motors using three-dimensional finite element simulation tools. Original linear induction motors have a useful magnetic flux perpendicular to the movement. We propose some geometric changes to improve the main magnetic circuit of the machine and to ensure simultaneous operation between longitudinal and transverse magnetic fluxes. To obtain the main parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit in a steady state, we propose two steps. Firstly, replicate the classic indirect tests used in rotating machines. This represents a significant advantage since it allows several models to be experimentally tested to obtain the values of electrical parameters. Secondly, use the data from these tests to solve a particular system of equations using numerical methods. The solution provides the electrical elements necessary to generate the equivalent circuit proposed by the authors. A quantitative analysis of the main electrical parameters is also carried out, confirming the advantages of the changes introduced. With them, a significant improvement in thrust force is obtained, especially in stationary conditions and low speeds. Finally, we study, in detail, a set of specific phenomena of linear machines using two parameters: the secondary equivalent air gap and the secondary equivalent conductivity.
  • Miniatura
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    A 3-D Simulation of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor with Transverse and Longitudinal Magnetic Flux
    (MDPI, 2020) Domínguez Hernández, Juan Antonio; Duro Carralero, Natividad; Gaudioso Vázquez, Elena; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-5878
    This paper presents a novel and improved configuration of a single-sided linear induction motor. The geometry of the motor has been modified to be able to operate with a mixed magnetic flux configuration and with a new configuration of paths for the eddy currents induced inside the aluminum plate. To this end, two slots of dielectric have been introduced into the aluminum layer of the moving part with a dimension of 1 mm, an iron yoke into the primary part, and lastly, the width of the transversal slots has been optimized. Specifically, in the enhanced motor, there are two magnetic fluxes inside the motor that circulate across two different planes: a longitudinal magnetic flux which goes along the direction of the movement and a transversal magnetic flux which is closed through a perpendicular plane with respect to that direction. With this new configuration, the motor achieves a great increment of the thrust force without increasing the electrical supply. In addition, the proposed model creates a new spatial configuration of the eddy currents and an improvement of the main magnetic circuit. These novelties are relevant because they represent a great improvement in the efficiency of the linear induction motor for low velocities at a very low cost. All simulations have been made with the finite elements method—3D, both in standstill conditions and in motion in order to obtain the characteristic curves of the main forces developed by the linear induction motor.