Person: Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo
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Holgado Tello
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Francisco Pablo
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Publication The dynamics of psychological attributes and symptomatic comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents(Springer, 2023-07-12) Sánchez Hernández, Milagros Ocalin; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo; Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel ÁngelPurpose This investigation aimed to explore attribute dynamics and symptomatic comorbidity of depression with internalizing, externalizing, and other personal–contextual problems in children and adolescents from a network analysis. Methods We tested an attribute network of regularized partial correlations, standard and alternative centrality measures, and comorbidity bridge symptoms according to centrality bridge measures. Results Regularized partial correlation network and a centrality measures graph shown the prominent position of social problems and anxiety–depression. Minimum spanning tree (MST) found a hierarchical dynamics between attributes where mixed anxiety–depression was identified as the core and the other attributes were hierarchically connected to it by being positioned in six branches that are differentiated according to their theoretical contents. The most central connections are established with the attributes of their own community or theoretical groups, and 37 bridge symptoms were identified in all networks. Conclusions A significant role of mixed anxiety depression as an activator and intermediary of psychopathologies was supported as a central attribute of internalizing problems. Aggressive behavior as part of the broad externalizing dimension was one of the constructs that most intensively activate the network, and social problems were also distinguished as a relevant factor not only in terms of connections and central attributes but also in terms of bridge symptoms and comorbidity. This framework extends to the study of symptomatic “comorbidity.”Publication Children’s Temperament: A Bridge between Mothers’ Parenting and Aggression(MDPI) Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel Ángel; Delgado Egido, Begoña; Holgado Tello, Francisco PabloChildhood aggression is important to acknowledge due to its social impact and importance in predicting future problems. The temperament of a child and parental socialization have been essential in explaining behavioral problems, particularly in the case of childhood aggression. The aim of this study is to examine—from the parents’ perspective—the role of childhood temperament in the dynamic by which mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression. We also explore how children’s gender and age differences affect these relationships. The sample was composed of 904 participants between 1 and 6 years old. The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire were used to evaluate children’s negative affect and effortful control. The Parent–Child Relationship Inventory Maternal was used to assess maternal communication and discipline, and child aggression was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Checklist. The results supported the mediating role of temperament in the processes by which perceived mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression and suggested that maternal behaviors may not have the same consequences for girls and boys. Specifically, the aggressiveness of girls is dependent on a negative affect throughout toddlerhood and early childhood, while for boys, the duration of the negative affect’s contribution is shorter, and aggressiveness is more sensitive to the maternal behaviors of discipline and communication.Publication Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Spanish Children and Adolescents: An Exploration of Comorbidity from the Network Perspective(Springer, 2021-11-19) Sánchez Hernández, Milagros Ocalin; Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel Ángel; Holgado Tello, Francisco PabloThe combination of depression and anxiety is among the most prevalent comorbidities of disorders leading to substantial functional impairment in children and adolescents. The network perspective offers a new paradigm for understanding and measuring psychological constructs and their comorbidity. The present study aims to apply network analysis to explore the comorbidity between depression and anxiety symptoms. Specifically, the study examines bridge symptoms, comorbidity, and shortest pathway networks and estimates the impact of the symptoms in the network’s connectivity and structure. The findings show that “feeling lonely” and “feeling unloved” are identified as the most central bridge symptoms. The shortest path network suggests that the role of a mixed anxiety-depressive symptomatology, and specific and non-specific symptoms of clinical criteria, such as “worries,” “feels depressed,” “fears school,” and “talks about suicide” could serve as a warning for comorbidity.Publication Análisis de Redes de Síntomas Internalizados y Externalizados en Niños y Adolescentes(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2022-07-28) Sánchez Hernández, Milagros Ocalin; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo; Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel ÁngelAntecedentes: La experiencia de problemas psicológicos durante la infancia y la adolescencia es común. Sin embargo, la detección de conductas como síntomas de Psicopatologías que requieren diagnóstico y tratamiento clínico sigue siendo infravalorada. Por ello, para evolucionar en la comprensión de los fenómenos psicológicos considerando sus manifestaciones conductuales particulares, se aplican nuevas perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas como el análisis de redes. Método: En el presente estudio exploramos la dinámica de los síntomas de diferentes problemas internalizados y externalizados y personales-contextuales aplicando el análisis de redes. Se estimaron redes de correlaciones parciales regularizadas que incluye medidas de centralidad estándar e impacto global y estructural de los síntomas de distintos síndromes. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los síndromes se activan a través de dinámicas de síntomas fuertemente relacionados con los demás y que actúan como intermediarios de potenciales problemas psicopatológicos en niños y adolescentes (por ejemplo, “sentirse triste”, “preocuparse”, “negarse a hablar”, “tener náuseas”, “amenazar a los demás”, “robar fuera”). Las medidas de centralidad y coeficientes de impacto oscilaron entre: fuerza (−2.39, 2.05), intermediación (−1.43, 3.38), cercanía (−2.60, 2.23) e influencia esperada (−2.87, 2.13). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la necesidad de explorar la dinámica multiconstructo, así como la comorbilidad sintomática entre ellas.Publication Incremental Validity and Informant Effect from a Multi-Method Perspective: Assessing Relations between Parental Acceptance and Children’s Behavioral Problems(Frontiers, 2016-05) Izquierdo Sotorrío, Eva; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo; Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel ÁngelThis study examines the relationships between perceived parental acceptance and children’s behavioral problems (externalizing and internalizing) from a multi-informant perspective. Using mothers, fathers, and children as sources of information, we explore the informant effect and incremental validity. The sample was composed of 681 participants (227 children, 227 fathers, and 227 mothers). Children’s (40% boys) ages ranged from 9 to 17 years (M = 12.52, SD = 1.81). Parents and children completed both the Parental Acceptance Rejection/Control Questionnaire (PARQ/Control) and the check list of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Statistical analyses were based on the correlated uniqueness multitrait-multimethod matrix (model MTMM) by structural equations and different hierarchical regression analyses. Results showed a significant informant effect and a different incremental validity related to which combination of sources was considered. A multi-informant perspective rather than a single one increased the predictive value. Our results suggest that mother–father or child–father combinations seem to be the best way to optimize the multi-informant method in order to predict children’s behavioral problems based on perceived parental acceptance.Publication Development of Flow State Self-Regulation Skills and Coping With Musical Performance Anxiety: Design and Evaluation of an Electronically Implemented Psychological Program(Frontiers, 2022-06-17) Moral Bofill, Laura; López de la Llave Rodríguez, Andrés; Pérez-Llantada Rueda, María Carmen; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-4485Positive Psychology has turned its attention to the study of emotions in a scientific and rigorous way. Particularly, to how emotions influence people’s health, performance, or their overall life satisfaction. Within this trend, Flow theory has established a theoretical framework that helps to promote the Flow experience. Flow state, or optimal experience, is a mental state of high concentration and enjoyment that, due to its characteristics, has been considered desirable for the development of the performing activity of performing musicians. Musicians are a population prone to health problems, both psychological and physical, owing to different stressors of their training and professional activity. One of the most common problems is Musical Performance Anxiety. In this investigation, an electronic intervention program was carried out for the development of psychological self-regulation skills whose main objective was to trigger the Flow response in performing musicians and the coping mechanism for Musical Performance Anxiety. A quasi-experimental design was used with a control group in which pre- and post-measures of Flow State, Musical Performance Anxiety and, also, Social Skills were taken. Sixty-two performing musicians from different music colleges in Spain participated in the program. Results indicated that the intervention significantly improved Flow State (t = –2.41, p = 0.02, d = 0.36), and Sense of Control (t = –2.48, p = 0.02, d = 0.47), and decreased Music Performance Anxiety (t = 2.64, p = 0.01, d = 0.24), and self-consciousness (t = –3.66, p = 0.00, d = 0.70) of the participants in the EG but not CG. The changes in the EG after the program showed the inverse relationship between Flow and Anxiety. Two important theoretical factors of both variables (especially in situations of performance and public exposure), such as worry and the feeling of lack of control, could be involved. The results are under discussion and future lines of research are proposed.Publication Relationship between adult attachment and cognitive emotional regulation style in women and men(Nature Research, 2023-05-19) Delgado Egido, Begoña; Amor Andrés, Pedro Javier; Domínguez Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Holgado Tello, Francisco PabloCognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies are useful in evaluating the risk of developing emotional disorders and that they may define subjects’ styles. This study aims to explore the extent to which specific styles of CER strategies relate to the anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions in adults and whether such relationships operate similarly for women and men. Two hundred and fifteen adults (between 22 and 67 years old) completed the Spanish versions of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Experiences in Close Relationships instrument. Cluster analysis, ANOVA and Student's t-test were used. Our results show that women and men can be successfully classified into two CER clusters (Protective and Vulnerable), distinguished by the higher use in the protective cluster of the CER strategies considered most adaptive and complex (Acceptance, Positive Refocusing, Refocus on Planning, Positive Reappraisal, and Putting into Perspective). However, only in women were the anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions significantly associated with CER style. In conclusion, from a clinical and interpersonal perspective, it is interesting to be able to predict the belonging to a Protective or Vulnerable coping style by analysing the CER strategies and to know their relationship with the adult affective system.Publication Response surface analysis exploring congruence and incongruence patterns on mother-adolescent perceived maternal rejection(Springer, 2024-06-18) Izquierdo Sotorrío, Eva; Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel Ángel; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-7268This study analyzes congruence and incongruence between mothers and adolescents on perceived maternal rejection as a predictor of externalizing and internalizing problems. The sample comprised 162 Spanish families (adolescent, father, and mother). The children (38.3% males, 98.8% Caucasian) were between the ages of 12 and 16 years old (M = 13.27, Sd = 1.23). Mothers and adolescents completed specific versions of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, and fathers completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Polynomial regressions, including the quadratic and interaction terms of the predictors and response surface analysis, were conducted. The results indicate a congruent effect in predicting externalizing problems from mothers’ and adolescents’ reports on perceived maternal rejection. Thus, congruence between adolescents and mothers on high perceived maternal rejection is associated with the highest levels of adolescent psychological maladjustment, and congruence between adolescents and mothers on low perceived maternal rejection is associated with the lowest levels of adolescent psychological maladjustment. In contrast, the magnitude—but not the direction—of incongruence in perceptions between mothers and adolescents has a positive effect, as it is associated with a decreased risk of externalizing problems. This study contributes to existing knowledge surrounding the importance of employing multiple-informant assessment and using appropriate approaches to study discrepant reporting by mothers and adolescents on family variables, and its effect on adolescent mental health.Publication The moderating effects of interpersonal power and prestige across age(PLOS, 2019-03-30) Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel Ángel; Delgado Egido, Begoña; Holgado Tello, Francisco PabloThe differential contribution of maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection to children’s psychological adjustment has been explained by differences in interpersonal power and prestige within families; however, there is not yet enough empirical support for this explanation. This study examines the moderating effects of interpersonal power and prestige on the relationship between perceived parental acceptance-rejection and psychological adjustment across children’s sex and age. The sample was composed of 913 children ranging in age from 9 to 16 years. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses in the total sample showed a significant and independent contribution of parental acceptance-rejection and parental power and prestige. No moderating effects of interpersonal power and prestige were found for the total sample. However, when the regression analyses were conducted across different age groups, maternal acceptance had a higher contribution to psychological adjustment in children from nine to ten years old. Interestingly, the moderating effects of interpersonal prestige (not interpersonal power) were also significant in younger participants. Furthermore, the moderating effects of prestige on maternal acceptance-rejection were different in late childhood than in early adolescence. These results suggest how parental prestige may explain the higher contribution of maternal acceptance to younger children’s psychological adjustment.Publication Benefits of employment in people with mental illness: Differential mediating effects of internalized stigma on self-esteem(Wiley, 2022-01) Silván Ferrero, Mª Del Prado; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo; Jiménez, José; Pérez Garín, Daniel ArsenioPrevious research shows a negative relationship between the stigmatization of people with mental illness and self-esteem. Through path analysis, the present study examines the extent to which both perceived individual discrimination and perceived group discrimination predict self-esteem and the extent to which internalized stigma and concealment mediate these relationships. We also test whether this mediation is moderated by the amount of time worked. The participants were 110 Spanish people with mental illness (67 men and 43 women) recruited from Spanish nongovernmental organizations. The sample was divided into two groups according to whether they had a permanent employment contract (which occurs when a person has worked for over 5 months). The results confirmed the mediating role of internalized stigma between individual perceived discrimination and self-esteem in the group with permanent employment contracts. Group discrimination had an indirect positive association with self-esteem through reduced internalized stigma in the whole sample. In sum, our results show that being employed for longer may strengthen the relationship between perceived individual discrimination and self-esteem via internalized stigma and that perceived group discrimination may buffer the negative relationship between internalized stigma and self-esteem in people with mental illness.