Persona: Sánchez González, Diego
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0000-0002-4174-4546
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Sánchez González
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Diego
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Publicación Envejecimiento, discapacidad y accesibilidad en espacios públicos. Aproximaciones desde la gerontología ambiental(Tirant Lo Blanch, 2023) García Valdez, María Trinidad; Román Pérez, Rosario; Cubillas Rodríguez, María José; Sánchez González, DiegoEl envejecimiento de la población plantea retos para la salud y la planificación de las ciudades en el siglo XXI. Las personas adultas mayores con discapacidad requieren espacios urbanos adaptados e inclusivos, lo que demanda la mejora de la accesibilidad objetiva y percibida de las infraestructuras, equipamientos y servicios. Sin embargo, existe un limitado conocimiento de los efectos adversos de las presiones del espacio público (barreras arquitectónicas, inseguridad, contaminación) sobre este colectivo vulnerable, como los riesgos físicos y psicosociales vinculados al aislamiento social y el deterioro de su salud y calidad de vida. La obra ofrece un abordaje novedoso para conocer y desentrañar algunas claves de las relaciones entre el ambiente urbano y una sociedad que envejece con y sin discapacidad, desde el enfoque interdisciplinar de la gerontología ambiental. Su contenido y el examen de las evidencias empíricas propiciarán nuevas reflexiones y acciones para promover el envejecimiento activo y saludable, a partir del diseño y la culminación de ciudades y comunidades amigables con las personas de edad.Publicación Envejecimiento, adaptación climática y políticas públicas. Retos sociales y de salud en América Latina(Tirant Lo Blanch, 2023) Sánchez González, DiegoPublicación Active Ageing and Age-Friendly Communities: Constructing an Image of Old Age and Ageing(Springer Publishing Company, 2022) Fernández Mayoralas Fernández, Gloria; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Vicente; Rojo Pérez, Fermina; Sánchez González, DiegoPublicación Residential Environment Assessment by Older Adults in Nursing Homes during COVID-19 outbreak(MDPI, 2022) Rojo Pérez, Fermina; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Vicente; Fernández Mayoralas Fernández, Gloria; Pérez de Arenaza Escribano, Carmen; Rojo Abuin, José Manuel; Forjaz, Maria João; Rodríguez Blázquez, Carmen; Sánchez González, Diego; Molina Martínez, Mª ÁngelesThe most vulnerable residential settings during the COVID-19 pandemic were older adult's nursing homes, which experienced high rates of incidence and death from this cause. This paper aims to ascertain how institutionalized older people assessed their residential environment during the pandemic and to examine the differences according to personal and contextual characteristics. The COVID-19 Nursing Homes Survey (Madrid region, Spain) was used. The residential environment assessment scale (EVAER) and personal and contextual characteristics were selected. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were applied. The sample consisted of 447 people (mean age = 83.8, 63.1% = women, 50.8% = widowed, 40% = less than primary studies). Four residential assessment subscales (relationships, mobility, residential aspects, privacy space) and three clusters according to residential rating (medium-high with everything = 71.5% of cases, low with mobility = 15.4%, low with everything = 13.1%) were obtained. The logistic regression models for each cluster category showed to be statistically significant. Showing a positive affect (OR = 1.08), fear of COVID-19 (OR = 1.06), high quality of life (OR = 1.05), not having suspicion of depression (OR = 0.75) and performing volunteer activities (OR = 3.67) were associated with the largest cluster. It is concluded that a better residential evaluation was related to more favourable personal and contextual conditions. These results can help in the design of nursing homes for older adults in need of accommodation and care to facilitate an age-friendly environment.Publicación Problems of accessibility of public space and social isolation of older people with disabilities in Hermosillo, Mexico(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2023) García Valdez, María Trinidad; Román Pérez, Rosario; Pozo Menéndez, Elisa; Sánchez González, DiegoEl estudio examina la asociación entre los problemas de accesibilidad del espacio público y el aislamiento social de las personas mayores con discapacidad. La metodología se basa en un análisis estadístico multivariado (regresión logística binaria, componentes principales, clúster) de los datos de una encuesta a 381 adultos mayores con discapacidad y una auditoría ambiental de segmentos de calles en el centro de la ciudad de Hermosillo, México. Se utiliza una escala de accesibilidad del espacio público para evaluar los indicadores de funcionalidad, comodidad, seguridad y destino. Los resultados indicaron que el riesgo de aislamiento social está asociado con baja capacidad funcional, enfermedades cardiovasculares, problemas psicológicos, menor movilidad fuera del hogar, escasas redes sociales y problemas de accesibilidad del espacio público. En los barrios con alto riesgo de aislamiento social se registraron mayores problemas de accesibilidad percibida (mal estado de calles y aceras, iluminación, inseguridad) y accesibilidad objetiva (grado de accesibilidad, funcionalidad y destino) en el espacio público, y menor capacidad funcional. Las modificaciones de las características ambientales que determinan la accesibilidad del espacio público podrían redefinir el comportamiento y prevenir el aislamiento social de los adultos mayores con discapacidad, promoviendo ciudades y comunidades amigables con el envejecimiento activo y saludable.Publicación Conditions of the informal work environment and its implications for the risk of depression for the elderly in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2021) Medrano Ramos, Magdalena; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Vicente; Sánchez González, DiegoEn América Latina muchas personas mayores trabajan en empleos informales; sin embargo, existe un limitado conocimiento sobre cómo sus condiciones laborales (horas de trabajo, ambiente, seguridad) influyen en su salud física y metal, y su calidad de vida. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las implicaciones del ambiente laboral en el riesgo de síntomas depresivos en personas mayores con empleos informales en Ciudad Juárez, México. La metodología analiza los datos de una encuesta intencional a trabajadores informales de 65 y más años, utilizando técnicas cuantitativas (intervalos de confianza, correlaciones, chi-cuadrado, Odds Ratio, regresión logística binaria, ANOVA y Post Hoc). Los resultados indican que el riesgo de depresión está asociado con las condiciones socioeconómicas, capacidades funcionales y de salud, hábitos de consumo, y demandas del entorno laboral físico y social. Este riesgo varía según el lugar de trabajo, especialmente en comercios ambulantes y vía pública, donde también está relacionado con problemas de salud, económicos y consumo de alcohol. Se propone revisar los programas de salud pública y empleo para prevenir amenazas para la salud e integridad de personas mayores con empleos informales.Publicación Active Ageing Profiles among Older Adults in Spain: A Multivariate Analysis Based on SHARE study(PLOS, 2022) Rojo Pérez, Fermina; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Vicente; Fernández Mayoralas Fernández, Gloria; Rojo Abuin, José Manuel; Ayala, Alba; Rodríguez Blázquez, Carmen; Calderón Larrañaga, Amaia; Ribeiro, Oscar Manuel Soares; Forjaz, María João; Sánchez González, Diego; Molina Martínez, Mª ÁngelesBackground: Following the active ageing model based on the Health, Lifelong Learning, Participation and Security pillars, this research has a twofold objective: i) to classify older adults according to active ageing profiles, taking into account the four pillars, and ii) to ascertain the relationship between the profiles and personal and contextual factors, as well as well-being and quality of life in old age. Methods: A study sample of 5,566 Spanish older adults who participated in wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was included. Data were analysed in different steps applying several statistical analyses (Principal Component, Cluster, Discriminant, Multiple Correspondence and bivariate analysis with Pearson chi-square and ANOVA). Results: Five older adult profiles were obtained (I: with moderate activity; II: quasi-dependents; III: with active ageing-limiting conditions; IV: with diverse and balanced activity; V: with excellent active ageing conditions). The first three profiles were characterised by subjects with a high average age, low educational level, who were retired or housewives, and who perceived a moderate level of loneliness, satisfaction with the social network and quality of life, as well as having a larger family network, but living in small households or alone. In contrast, the latter two profiles showed better personal and contextual conditions, well-being and quality of life. Discussion and conclusions: The multidimensional approach to active ageing followed in this article has revealed the presence of several older adult profiles, which are confined to groups with better or worse active ageing conditions. In this context, if ageing is a process that reflects the previous way of life, intervention priorities will have to consider actions that promote better conditions during the life cyclePublicación Outdoor Green Spaces and Active Ageing from the Perspective of Environmental Gerontology(Springer, 2021) Egea Jiménez, Carmen; Sánchez González, DiegoGreen areas, gardens, parks and other public spaces are vital in the design of friendly cities due to their positive effects on the health and quality of life of elderly people. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge of the implications of outdoor green spaces in active ageing, a problem that restricts the design of intervention programs. The research examines the influences of outdoor green spaces in the promotion of active aging, from the approach of environmental gerontology. The methodology is based on a review of the bibliography obtained by consulting databases such as Web of Science and Scopus. The results indicate that exposure to outdoor green spaces promotes active ageing by encouraging physical activities, social relations and active participation in the community. The discussion suggests that via the control of the attributes and functions of these natural settings it is possible to strengthen or weaken the pillars of active ageing (health, security, participation and lifelong learning). We propose a model for intervention in active ageing based on the optimum adaptation of the specific characteristics of outdoor green spaces to the capacities and preferences of elderly people. We also recommend that new research be conducted from interdisciplinary, longitudinal perspectives that use mixed methods in the assessment of the characteristics of physical natural settings, so as to be able to adapt and improve them within the design of intervention programs to encourage active ageing. It is also important to encourage the active participation of elderly people in the design and planning of friendly cities, in which natural elements can promote lifelong healthy lifestyles.Publicación Development and Management of Cohousing Initiatives for a Friendly Ageing in Spain(Springer Publishing Company, 2022) Rojo Pérez, Fermina; Fernández Mayoralas Fernández, Gloria; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Vicente; Sánchez González, DiegoPublicación Environmental and Psychosocial Interventions in Age-Friendly Communities and Active Ageing: A Systematic Review(MDPI, 2020) Rojo Pérez, Fermina; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Vicente; Fernández Mayoralas Fernández, Gloria; Sánchez González, DiegoThe academic literature contains little information regarding the interventions that create age-friendly cities and communities in order to promote active ageing. Objectives: A systematic review was carried out to determine the available empirical evidence in relation to the characteristics, content and eectiveness of interventions aimed at improving environmental and psychosocial risk factors for older people, from the perspective of age-friendly communities and the promotion of active ageing. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the studies retained in this review were identified through a systematic search of the academic literature in selected electronic databases including Web of Science and Scopus. Independent critical appraisal and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers. The checklist was used to assess the quality of the articles. Findings: The search identified 1020 potentially eligible documents, of which 11 satisfied the established criteria. Non-exhaustive practices prevailed over rigorous investigations, with a high proportion of studies observed to be of low methodological quality and at high risk of bias. This reflected the predominance of uncontrolled interventions. Environmental interventions were focused on reducing risk and adapting the everyday environmental setting, while psychosocial interventions prioritised social strategies (behavioural changes, promotion of participation) and training. Interventions were more eective in certain domains of age-friendly cities and communities such as transportation and housing, followed by increased participation as a lifestyle-related behavioural change. The inferred changes were associated with providing information and enhancing skills; modifying access, barriers, exposures, and opportunities; enhancing services and support; continuity and eectiveness of changes over time; and modifying policies based on the bottom-up approach of age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC). Discussion and conclusion: Interventions focused on personal and organisational aspects might have positive eects in the longer term. However, fewer changes would be observed in interventions revolving around changing lifestyles owing to the impact of complex multi-causal factors. The relative eectiveness in terms of health calls into question the design of interventions and the supposed “friendliness” of certain communities. There is a need to encourage sound longitudinal research aimed at providing key knowledge for the implementation and evaluation of public policies, and to encourage age-friendly community programmes to promote active ageing.