Persona:
Castellanos Serrano, Cristina

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0000-0003-4871-3555
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Castellanos Serrano
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Cristina
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2022 - 20253
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Mostrando 1 - 3 de 3
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Caring fathers in Europe: Toward universal caregiver families?
    (Wiley, 2022-12-30) Martínez Pastor, Juan Ignacio; Jurado Guerrero, Teresa; Fernández Lozano, Irina; Castellanos Serrano, Cristina
    Increasingly, men are challenging the assumption that care is a feminine task and are involving themselves in childcare and the care of dependent adults. However, this does not necessarily have consequences for their work, as they very rarely make costly adaptations in their working lives. In this study, we propose a definition of a man in care (MIC) as a working father who, in order to meet care needs, has adapted his working life in a way that potentially entails a financial penalty. We analyze the prevalence of men in care among men living with children below the age of 15 across the EU-27 plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK using recent representative data (the European Labour Survey and its 2018 ad hoc module on work-life balance). We find that although the number of men engaging in costly work adaptations is still very low when compared to their female counterparts, the characteristics of these men can be clearly outlined: they have a non-manual occupation (managers excluded), they have temporary contracts or are self-employed, they are partnered to women who hold jobs of 40 or more hours a week and have a high educational attainment, and they work in family-friendly companies. Also, at the context level, the prevalence of MIC is clearly elated to gender equality and values. However, we do not find evidence of any country having reached the universal caregiver model proposed by Nancy Fraser, including those with more advanced gender and welfare regimes.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    La reforma del sistema de permisos parentales: formas de uso y expectativas de influencia en la corresponsabilidad
    (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), 2024-03-08) Castellanos Serrano, Cristina; Recio Alcaide, Adela; Andrés Jiménez, Javier; Vega Martínez, Celia
    En 2021, en España, los permisos por nacimiento se igualaron por primera vez para ambos progenitores, siendo desde entonces de 16 semanas para las madres y de 16 semanas para los padres. Sin embargo, salvo datos muy agregados, se desconoce cuánto y cuándo se usan. El uso que se hace de los permisos por nacimiento no es irrelevante. Todo lo contrario: tiene fuertes implicaciones en la corresponsabilidad y por tanto en la brecha laboral. Dentro de que los padres usen el mismo tiempo que las madres, la opción que más favorece la corresponsabilidad es que la madre y el padre se turnen para cuidar al bebé el mayor tiempo posible (26 semanas), mientras que la opción de que ambos progenitores coincidan durante las 16 semanas es la que menos favorece la corresponsabilidad y con la que el bebé está menos tiempo cuidado por sus progenitores. Este estudio muestra, con datos administrativos de los registros de la Seguridad Social, que las madres usan los permisos mayoritariamente las 16 semanas seguidas tras el parto de forma ininterrumpida (en el 95% de los casos) y que solo un pequeño porcentaje de los padres (menos del 20%) se turna con la madre y cuida al bebé de forma autónoma durante 10 semanas tras las 16 semanas que usa la madre. Este resultado es coherente con el actual diseño de la ley, pues esta favorece que los permisos se usen de forma ininterrumpida desde la fecha del parto —al obligar que las 6 primeras semanas se usen a la vez y al poner trabas al uso por turnos en las restantes 10—. La obligación de transponer la Directiva Europea de Conciliación antes de agosto de 2024 y el Proyecto de Ley de Familias, actualmente en tramitación en el Congreso, ofrecen oportunidades reales para eliminar estas trabas modificando mínimamente el diseño de los permisos y así favorecer que los padres los usen de forma no simultánea, turnándose con las madres, fomentando así la corresponsabilidad y avanzando en la igualdad de género.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Use of Paid Parental Leave in Spain by Mothers and Fathers of Children Born in 2023. The Problem of Simultaneity in the Parental Leave System Design
    (2025-03-24) Castellanos Serrano, Cristina; Recio Alcaide, Adela; Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)
    In 2021, Spain became the only country where there is no gender gap in the time used of paid parental leave (PPL). Most fathers and mothers use the whole 16 weeks that they have of PPL. Studies have shown that this is the result of the three characteristics included in the legislative norm that regulates them, which establishes: equal leave -of 16 weeks for each parent-, non-transferable and paid at 100% of previous earnings. However, the regulation also encourages the leaves to be used simultaneously by both parents instead of in shifts, since, on the one hand, it obliges the first 6 weeks to be simultaneous and, on the other hand, it obliges the agreement with the company for the use of the remaining 10 weeks, which can be divided. This causes an asymmetry of power between employee and employer with the capacity to bias the form of use. Encouraging the simultaneous use of PPL, rather than its use in shifts by parents, in addition to generating a less efficient use of public spending, reinforce gender roles as they complicate women's return to work after taking their leave and encourage the role of “helper father” instead of “co-responsible father”. Currently, a minority of fathers use their fractional part of their leave in shifts - once the mother has returned to work - thus taking sole responsibility for the care of the baby, giving rise to what is known as solo care. Considering international evidence, two small changes in the law would significantly modify the way paid parental leave is used by fathers, moving it mostly towards solo care: that only two simultaneous weeks are required instead of the current six, and that it is sufficient to inform the employer for the fractional part of the leave to be taken. In the absence of reforms to correct the problem of simultaneity, solo care will be a minority option for several decades and the potential of PPL to modify gender roles and include care as a relevant element for men will be hugely reduced.