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A Failed Cross-Validation Study on the Relationship between LIWC Linguistic Indicators and Personality: Exemplifying the Lack of Generalizability of Exploratory Studies
(MDPI, 2022-10-13) Moreno, José David; Olmos, Ricardo; Martínez Mingo, Alejandro; Jorge Botana, Guillermo de; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel::virtual::4379::600; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
(1) Background: Previous meta-analytic research found small to moderate relationships between the Big Five personality traits and different linguistic computational indicators. However, previous studies included multiple linguistic indicators to predict personality from an exploratory framework. The aim of this study was to conduct a cross-validation study analyzing the relationships between language indicators and personality traits to test the generalizability of previous results; (2) Methods: 643 Spanish undergraduate students were tasked to write a self-description in 500 words (which was evaluated with the LIWC) and to answer a standardized Big Five questionnaire. Two different analytical approaches using multiple linear regression were followed: first, using the complete data and, second, by conducting different cross-validation studies; (3) Results: The results showed medium effect sizes in the first analytical approach. On the contrary, it was found that language and personality relationships were not generalizable in the cross-validation studies; (4) Conclusions: We concluded that moderate effect sizes could be obtained when the language and personality relationships were analyzed in single samples, but it was not possible to generalize the model estimates to other samples. Thus, previous exploratory results found on this line of research appear to be incompatible with a nomothetic approach.
A longitudinal study on coping and emotional well-being in cardiac patients
(2022-12-22) Arranz, Henar; Castro, Almudena; Sanjuán Suárez, María Pilar; Magallares Sanjuan, Alejandro
Emotions and coping play a role in the prognosis of cardiac patients. This two-wave longitudinal study aims to analyze the ability of adaptive and maladaptive coping to predict the emotional well-being of cardiac patients after controlling for their functional physical capacity. Emotional well-being (positive and negative affect), coping strategies, and functional physical capacity were evaluated both at Time 1 (n = 253) and at Time 2 (n = 186), 8 weeks later. At Time 1, positive affect was positively predicted by adaptive coping and negatively predicted by maladaptive coping, while the opposite pattern was found when negative affect was considered. At Time 2, after controlling for sociodemographic variables and for negative affect and functional physical capacity at T1, negative affect was negatively predicted by adaptive coping and positively predicted by maladaptive coping. In addition, positive affect was only predicted by adaptive coping after controlling for functional physical capacity and positive affect at Time 1. Relationships between coping and emotional well-being remain after controlling for the functional physical capacity of cardiac patients, which has a big impact on their emotional state. Finally, it is suggested that specific modules to improve coping and emotional state of cardiac patients should be included in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs.
A More Competent, Warm, Feminine, and Human Leader: Perceptions and Effectiveness of Democratic Versus Authoritarian Political Leaders
(ADRIPS, 2021-07-12) Torres Vega, Laura C.; Sainz Martínez, Mario; Moreno Bella, Eva
Nowadays, to the detriment of democratic leaders, the emergence of authoritarian leaders has drastically modified the political sphere. This project aims to shed light on this issue by analysing how the perceived effectiveness of democratic and authoritarian political leaders are shaped by the common dimensions of social perception, such as competence/warmth, masculinity/femininity, and human uniqueness/human nature. Accordingly, three experimental studies were conducted. In Study 1 (n = 1001), we revealed that democratic leaders are perceived as more competent, warm, feminine and human. In Study 2 (n = 548) and Study 3 (n = 622), we investigated whether these dimensions of perception mediated the relationship between leaders and their perceived effectiveness. The results revealed that democratic leaders are perceived as effective in cooperative scenarios due to their competence, femininity, and human nature. Alternatively, democratic leaders are preferred in ambiguous contexts due to their competence and cognitive flexibility, that is, human nature. In contrast, authoritarian leaders are perceived as effective in competitive scenarios because of their masculinity. In Study 3, we manipulated the (in)stability of socio-economic contexts. The results revealed that democratic and authoritarian leaders are perceived as more competent, warm, human and more effective in socio-economic contexts that are stable compared with those that are unstable. The implications of the results regarding the emergence of authoritarian leaders are discussed.
A two-dimensional multiple-choice model accounting for omissions
(Frontiers Media, 2018-12-11) Abad, Francisco; Ponsoda, Vicente; Schames Kreitchmann, Rodrigo
This paper presents a new two-dimensional Multiple-Choice Model accounting for Omissions (MCMO). Based on Thissen and Steinberg multiple-choice models, the MCMO defines omitted responses as the result of the respondent not knowing the correct answer and deciding to omit rather than to guess given a latent propensity to omit. Firstly, using a Monte Carlo simulation, the accuracy of the parameters estimated from data with different sample sizes (500, 1,000, and 2,000 subjects), test lengths (20, 40, and 80 items) and percentages of omissions (5, 10, and 15%) were investigated. Later, the appropriateness of the MCMO to the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Advanced 2015 mathematics and physics multiple-choice items was analyzed and compared with the Holman and Glas' Between-item Multi-dimensional IRT model (B-MIRT) and with the three-parameter logistic (3PL) model with omissions treated as incorrect responses. The results of the simulation study showed a good recovery of scale and position parameters. Pseudo-guessing parameters (d) were less accurate, but this inaccuracy did not seem to have an important effect on the estimation of abilities. The precision of the propensity to omit strongly depended on the ability values (the higher the ability, the worse the estimate of the propensity to omit). In the empirical study, the empirical reliability for ability estimates was high in both physics and mathematics. As in the simulation study, the estimates of the propensity to omit were less reliable and their precision varied with ability. Regarding the absolute item fit, the MCMO fitted the data better than the other models. Also, the MCMO offered significant increments in convergent validity between scores from multiple-choice and constructed-response items, with an increase of around 0.02 to 0.04 in R2 in comparison with the two other methods. Finally, the high correlation between the country means of the propensity to omit in mathematics and physics suggests that (1) the propensity to omit is somehow affected by the country of residence of the examinees, and (2) the propensity to omit is independent of the test contents
Abusive leadership versus objectifying job features: Factors that influence organizational dehumanization and workers’ self-objectification
(WILEY, 2021) Baldissarri, Cristina; Sainz Martínez, Mario
Recent research has revealed that work often can undermine people's humanness by promoting a view of them as mere objects. In particular, the workers’ meta-perceptions of being treated as company resources (i.e., organizational dehumanization) and their self-perceptions of being instrument-like (i.e., self-objectification) could be triggered by several factors. Previous research has identified that abusive supervisors and engaging in objectifying (repetitive, fragmented and other oriented) tasks are two of the main key factors that affect worker's dehumanization. The present project aims to disentangle the extent both factors (perceptions of abusive leadership and performing objectifying tasks) contribute to created perceptions of organizational dehumanization and self-objectification among workers that, ultimately, affects workers job satisfaction. In Study 1 (N = 208 workers), we measured the extent perceived abusive supervisors and objectifying job features predicted organizational dehumanization, self-objectification, and job satisfaction. The results indicate that abusive supervisors predicted perceptions of organizational dehumanization and workers self-objectification in a higher extent than objectifying job features, while workers job satisfaction was predicted in a higher extent by objectifying job features. In Study 2 (N = 141), we experimentally manipulated the abusive (versus nonabusive) supervisors and the objectifying (versus nonobjectifying) tasks in a laboratory setting. Results also indicated that the abusive supervisor exerts a greater influence than performing objectifying tasks on organizational dehumanization, self-objectification, and job satisfaction. The detrimental effect of an abusive supervisor in comparison with other working conditions on workers’ humanness is discussed, and practical implications are highlighted.
Acceptance and commitment therapy in parents of children with cancer at psychosocial risk: A randomized multiple baseline evaluation
(Elsevier, 2023) Bautista, Ana B.; Ruiz Vegas, Francisco Javier; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos
Developing and testing psychological interventions for primary caregivers of children with cancer at significant psychosocial risk is still needed. One psychological factor contributing to their emotional distress is repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study conducted a randomized, multiple-baseline evaluation of the effect of an individual, online, 2-session, RNT-focused ACT intervention in 12 parents. Participants responded to daily measures of emotional symptoms, RNT, and progress in values during baseline, intervention, and the 2-month follow-up. These measures have shown adequate psychometric properties at the individual level in this study. All 12 participants completed the intervention. A Bayesian hierarchical model indicated that most participants showed reductions in emotional symptoms and RNT (10 of 11), and 8 of 12 participants showed increases in valued living. The design-comparable standardized mean difference was computed to estimate the intervention effect overall. The effect sizes were large for all variables (PHQ-4: d = 0.83, 95% CI [0.27, 1.40]; RNTQ-3: d = 0.81, 95% CI [0.34, 1.28]; VQ-3: d = 1.07, 95% CI [0.22, 1.91]). Participants evaluated the intervention as useful at the 2-month follow-up. In conclusion, a brief and online RNT-focused intervention showed promising results in parents of children with cancer at significant psychosocial risk.
Acculturation process in Romanian immigrants in Spain: The role of social support and perceived discrimination
(Springer Nature, 2018-11-28) Cuadrado, Isabel; García Ael, Mª Cristina::virtual::4409::600; Molero Alonso, Fernando Jorge::virtual::4410::600; Recio Saboya, Patricia::virtual::4411::600; Pérez Garín, Daniel Arsenio::virtual::4412::600; García Ael, Mª Cristina; Molero Alonso, Fernando Jorge; Recio Saboya, Patricia; Pérez Garín, Daniel Arsenio; García Ael, Mª Cristina; Molero Alonso, Fernando Jorge; Recio Saboya, Patricia; Pérez Garín, Daniel Arsenio; García Ael, Mª Cristina; Molero Alonso, Fernando Jorge; Recio Saboya, Patricia; Pérez Garín, Daniel Arsenio
This work focuses on the study of the psychological acculturation process of the largest immigrant group in Spain: Romanian immigrants. It is known that both social support and perceived discrimination affect the acculturation process of immigrant people, but not how those three variables act together. This study aims to analyse the mechanism by which social support affects the acculturation of immigrant people –both maintenance and adoption dimensions in public and private acculturation domains– and the role played by perceived discrimination –both group and individual– in that relationship. In order to fulfil this goal, 150 immigrant people of Romanian origin (49.3% male) with a mean age of 35.33 years (SD = 11.84) answered a questionnaire, which included the aforementioned variables. Results show that social support has a positive indirect effect on the degree of adoption of Spanish customs (both in public and private domains) by Romanian immigrants through a reduction of their perceived discrimination. Besides, social support has no effect on Romanian immigrants’ maintenance of home society customs. This research contributes to knowledge on how immigrants’ perceived social support is related to their adoption of host society’s customs, highlighting the mediating role of the perceived discrimination in this process.
Adaptación española de la "Escala de Comunicación Diádica Sexual"
(Fundación VECA para el Avance de la Psicología Clínica Conductual, 2019) Jastrzebska, Olga; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
La comunicación diádica sexual consiste en tratar temas sobre comportamientos sexuales con la pareja. Dada la importancia de los aspectos sexuales en la comunicación con la pareja, el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la adaptación española de la “Escala de comunicación diádica sexual” (Dyadic Sexual Communication Scale, CDS; Catania, 1998), un instrumento que mide la percepción de la comunicación con la pareja sobre comportamientos sexuales. 891 participantes contestaron distintas escalas para analizar la fiabilidad y la validez de la adaptación española de la escala de CDS. La estructura unidimensional obtuvo un buen ajuste (CFI= 0,92; TLI= 0,90; RMSEA= 0,079) y una buena fiabilidad (= 0,87; = 0,87). En el trabajo se presentan distintas evidencias de validez de la adaptación, como la validez convergente con variables de satisfacción sexual y de ajuste diádico con la pareja. También se analizó la sensibilidad a variables personales como el sexo o la duración de la relación de pareja mostrando que, aunque no hay diferencias de medias, la relación entre la escala CDS y las variables medidas es sensible a estas variables personales. P ALABRAS CLAVE: escala Comunicación diádica sexual, propiedades psicométricas, sexualidad, salud sexual, adaptación española.
Adaptation and validation into Spanish of the Workplace Dignity Scale
(Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, 2021) Lobato, Roberto M.; Porras Caballero, Frida; Sainz Martínez, Mario
Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Los trabajadores pueden enfrentar muchas amenazas mientras realizan su rutina diaria que podrían socavar su dignidad, como comentarios denigrantes de supervisores o compañeros de trabajo. Negar la dignidad de los trabajadores constituye una amenaza directa para su bienestar. El objetivo de este artículo fue adaptar y validar la versión en español de la Workplace Dignity Scale (WDS). Método: Se realizó un diseño instrumental con el fin de adaptar la escala al español con población mexicana (N = 588). Después de realizar una traducción inversa, se realizaron tres estudios donde se aplicaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios, correlaciones, regresiones y un análisis de invarianza. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la adaptación al español se ajusta a la estructura de seis factores de la escala original y que la deshumanización organizacional y la auto-objetivación de los trabajadores predecían la dignidad en el trabajo; siendo la auto-objetivación de los trabajadores la variable que predecía en mayor medida la dignidad de los trabajadores. Finalmente, también se evaluó la invariancia de medición comparando nuestros datos con los resultados de la escala original. En general, los resultados indicaron que aun cuando la versión en español de la WDS presentaba una estructura factorial adecuada, su medición presentaba cargas factoriales y pendientes diferentes en comparación con la medición de la escala original. Conclusiones: En general, contamos con un instrumento adaptado al contexto mexicano que nos permite evaluar el sentido de dignidad de los trabajadores en el lugar de trabajo.
Adaptation of a scale of Socioemotional Skills for teachers of Early Childhood, Primary and Secondary Education
(Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia & MIDE, 2023-04-03) Soria Aldavero, Esther; Rodríguez Navarro, Henar; Montero García-Celay, Ignacio; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
Este trabajo realiza un análisis factorial exploratorio de los datos recogidos por cuestionario en una muestra de 254 maestros y 233 profesores de la provincia de Soria (España) sobre el Factor Socioemocional de la escala ECAD-EP, diseñada originalmente para evaluar competencialmente patrones y perfiles docentes de educación primaria. Mediante análisis paralelo, comparación de modelos y estudio de la estructura factorial, se adapta la utilización de la escala para el colectivo de maestros (tanto en la muestra de primaria original como en la ahora incluida de infantil) y de profesores de secundaria, ampliando así sus oportunidades formativo-reflexivas en el proceso de autoevaluación y mejora docente. Se obtienen, además, resultados que evidencian una estructura subyacente de tres factores y una diferencia por colectivo docente en los factores 2 (Autoeficacia instruccional y emocional) y 3 (Dinamización del trabajo colaborativo). Por otro lado, no aparecen diferencias entre colectivos docentes en el factor 1 (Respeto a la diversidad), ni tampoco diferencias de género en ninguno de los tres factores. Se consideran las implicaciones para el diseño de modalidades formativo-reflexivas de estrategias diferenciales para los variados niveles de desempeño docente.
Adding maintaining factors to developmental models of anorexia nervosa: An empirical examination in adolescents
(Beat (formerly Eating Disorders Association), 2021-02-23) Moreno Encinas, Alba; Graell Berna, Montserrat; Faya Barrios, María Mar; Treasure, Janet; Sepúlveda, Ana Rosa; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
Objective A biopsychosocial approach has been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN), despite only a few of the existing etiological models having received empirical support. The aim of this study was to empirically investigate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Seitz, and Konrad (2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-011-0246-y)’s developmental model and to consider if interpersonal reactions to the illness might serve as maintaining factors following the model proposed by Treasure and Schmidt (2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-13)
Affective neurolinguistics: towards a framework for reconciling language and emotion
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Hinojosa, José Antonio; Ferré Romeu, María Pilar; Moreno Bella, Eva
Standard neurocognitive models of language processing have tended to obviate the need for incorporating emotion processes, while affective neuroscience theories have typically been concerned with the way in which people communicate their emotions, and have often simply not addressed linguistic issues. Here, we summarise evidence from temporal and spatial brain imaging studies that have investigated emotion effects on lexical, semantic and morphosyntactic aspects of language during the comprehension of single words and sentences. The evidence reviewed suggests that emotion is represented in the brain as a set of semantic features in a distributed sensory, motor, language and affective network. Also, emotion interacts with a number of lexical, semantic and syntactic features in different brain regions and timings. This is in line with the proposals of interactive neurocognitive models of language processing, which assume the interplay between different representational levels during on-line language comprehension.
Análisis de dos métodos de evaluación automática de análisis semántico latente (LSA): un nuevo método LSA (Inbuilt Rubric) y un método LSA tradicional ( Golden Summary) en resúmenes extraídos de textos expositivos
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid, 2018) Jastrzebska, Olga; Mencu, Adrián; Moraleda, Jessica; Olmos, Ricardo; Antonio León, José Antonio; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
El objetivo de este estudio es comparar dos métodos de evaluación automática del análisis semántico latente (LSA): Un nuevo método LSA ( Inbuilt Rubric) y un método LSA tradicional ( Golden Summary). Se analizaron dos condiciones del método Inbuilt Rubric: el número de descriptores léxicos que se utilizan para generar la rúbrica (pocos vs. muchos) y una corrección que penaliza el contenido irrelevante incluido en los resúmenes de los estudiantes (corregido vs. no corregido). Ciento sesenta y seis estudiantes divididos en dos muestras (81 estudiantes universitarios y 85 estudiantes de instituto) participaron en este estudio. Los estudiantes resumieron dos textos expositivos que tenían distinta complejidad (difícil/fácil) y longitud (1,300/500 palabras). Los resultados mostraron que el método Inbuilt Rubric imita las evaluaciones humanas mejor que Golden Summary en todos los casos. La similitud con las evaluaciones humanas fue más alta con Inbuilt Rubric ( r = .78 and r = .79) que con Golden Summary ( r = .67 and r = .47) en ambos textos. Además, la versión de Inbuilt Rubric con menor número de descriptores y con corrección es la que obtuvo mejores resultados.
Análisis de Redes de Síntomas Internalizados y Externalizados en Niños y Adolescentes
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2022-07-28) Sánchez Hernández, Milagros Ocalin; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo; Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel Ángel
Antecedentes: La experiencia de problemas psicológicos durante la infancia y la adolescencia es común. Sin embargo, la detección de conductas como síntomas de Psicopatologías que requieren diagnóstico y tratamiento clínico sigue siendo infravalorada. Por ello, para evolucionar en la comprensión de los fenómenos psicológicos considerando sus manifestaciones conductuales particulares, se aplican nuevas perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas como el análisis de redes. Método: En el presente estudio exploramos la dinámica de los síntomas de diferentes problemas internalizados y externalizados y personales-contextuales aplicando el análisis de redes. Se estimaron redes de correlaciones parciales regularizadas que incluye medidas de centralidad estándar e impacto global y estructural de los síntomas de distintos síndromes. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los síndromes se activan a través de dinámicas de síntomas fuertemente relacionados con los demás y que actúan como intermediarios de potenciales problemas psicopatológicos en niños y adolescentes (por ejemplo, “sentirse triste”, “preocuparse”, “negarse a hablar”, “tener náuseas”, “amenazar a los demás”, “robar fuera”). Las medidas de centralidad y coeficientes de impacto oscilaron entre: fuerza (−2.39, 2.05), intermediación (−1.43, 3.38), cercanía (−2.60, 2.23) e influencia esperada (−2.87, 2.13). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la necesidad de explorar la dinámica multiconstructo, así como la comorbilidad sintomática entre ellas.
Animalizing the disadvantaged, mechanizing the wealthy: The convergence of socio-economic status and attribution of humanity
(Wiley Online Library, 2019) Martínez, Rocío; Moya, Miguel; Rodríguez Bailón, Rosa; Sainz Martínez, Mario
Differences between groups in socio-economic status (SES) are becoming more salient nowadays. In this context, we examined the animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization that both low and high-SES groups may experience respectively by conducting three studies. In study 1, we manipulated the SES of two fictitious groups (low vs. high-SES) and measured the humanity ascribed to them. Results showed that the low-SES group was animalized in comparison with the high-SES group, which was mechanized. In study 2, we manipulated the humanity of two fictitious groups by describing them as animals or machines and measured the perceived SES of the groups. Participants tended to attribute lower SES to the group described as animals and higher SES to the group described as machines. Finally, in study 3, we used an Implicit Association Test to replicate the results of studies 1 and 2. Taken together, these studies showthat low-SES groups are considered as animal-like whereas high-SES groups are seen as robot-like.We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to the justification of income inequality within our society.
Anticipating Words and Their Gender: An Event-related Brain Potential Study of Semantic Integration, Gender Expectancy, and Gender Agreement in Spanish Sentence Reading
(MIT Press Direct, 2004-09) Wicha, Nicole; Kutas, Marta; Moreno Bella, Eva
Recent studies indicate that the human brain attends to and uses grammatical gender cues during sentence comprehension. Here, we examine the nature and time course of the effect of gender on word-by-word sentence reading. Eventrelated brain potentials were recorded to an article and noun, while native Spanish speakers read medium- to high-constraint Spanish sentences for comprehension. The noun either fit the sentence meaning or not, and matched the preceding article in gender or not; in addition, the preceding article was either expected or unexpected based on prior sentence context. Semantically anomalous nouns elicited an N400. Genderdisagreeing nouns elicited a posterior late positivity (P600), replicating previous findings for words. Gender agreement and semantic congruity interacted in both the N400 window—with a larger negativity frontally for double violations—and the P600 window—with a larger positivity for semantic anomalies, relative to the prestimulus baseline. Finally, unexpected articles elicited an enhanced positivity (500–700 msec post onset) relative to expected articles. Overall, our data indicate that readers anticipate and attend to the gender of both articles and nouns, and use gender in real time to maintain agreement and to build sentence meaning.
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Spanish Children and Adolescents: An Exploration of Comorbidity from the Network Perspective
(Springer, 2021-11-19) Sánchez Hernández, Milagros Ocalin; Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel Ángel; Holgado Tello, Francisco Pablo
The combination of depression and anxiety is among the most prevalent comorbidities of disorders leading to substantial functional impairment in children and adolescents. The network perspective offers a new paradigm for understanding and measuring psychological constructs and their comorbidity. The present study aims to apply network analysis to explore the comorbidity between depression and anxiety symptoms. Specifically, the study examines bridge symptoms, comorbidity, and shortest pathway networks and estimates the impact of the symptoms in the network’s connectivity and structure. The findings show that “feeling lonely” and “feeling unloved” are identified as the most central bridge symptoms. The shortest path network suggests that the role of a mixed anxiety-depressive symptomatology, and specific and non-specific symptoms of clinical criteria, such as “worries,” “feels depressed,” “fears school,” and “talks about suicide” could serve as a warning for comorbidity.
Aproximaciones al estudio del comportamiento y sus aplicaciones. Volumen III
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Editorial, 2022-06-01) Pérez Fernández, Vicente
El Seminario Internacional sobre Comportamiento y Aplicaciones, SINCA, en su VIII edición y la UNED México presentan la obra Aproximaciones al Estudio del Comportamiento y sus Aplicaciones, Volumen III, que en esta ocasión incorpora trabajos de las distintas áreas que contribuyen al desarrollo de las ciencias de la conducta. El objetivo de esta obra es acercar a los lectores los desarrollos actuales que se generan en los laboratorios y en los distintos espacios en los que se realiza investigación vinculada al comportamiento animal y humano. Este volumen está conformado por 17 capítulos en los que encontraremos propuestas teóricas, desarrollos empíricos y trabajos aplicados que son muestra de la actividad investigadora que se desarrolla en las distintas latitudes del planeta y que forman parte de los trabajos presentados durante el VIII SINCA. Como en versiones anteriores, pretende ser un espacio en el que se publiquen propuestas innovadoras que resulten de interés para los estudiantes, investigadores en formación y estudiosos de la conducta.
Are valence and arousal related to the development of amodal representations of words? A computational study
(['Taylor and Francis Group', 'Routledge'], 2023-11-21) Jorge Botana, Guillermo de; Martínez Mingo, Alejandro; Iglesias, Diego; Olmos, Ricardo; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the amodal (semantic) development of words and two popular emotional norms (emotional valence and arousal) in English and Spanish languages. To do so, we combined the strengths of semantics from vector space models (vector length, semantic diversity, and word maturity measures), and feature-based models of emotions. First, we generated a common vector space representing the meaning of words at different developmental stages (five and four developmental stages for English and Spanish, respectively) using the Word Maturity methodology to align different vector spaces. Second, we analyzed the amodal development of words through mixed-effects models with crossed random effects for words and variables using a continuous time metric. Third, the emotional norms were included as covariates in the statistical models. We evaluated more than 23,000 words, whose emotional norms were available for more than 10,000 words, in each language separately. Results showed a curve of amodal development with an increasing linear effect and a small quadratic deceleration. A relevant influence on the amodal development of words was found only for emotional valence (not for arousal), suggesting that positive words have an earlier amodal development and a less pronounced semantic change across early lifespan.
Are you interested in economic inequality? Depends on where you live
(Wiley, 2022) Sánchez‐Rodríguez, Ángel; Moreno Bella, Eva
Although several scholars and international institutions have considered high levels of economic inequality an issue for society, the populations who live in more unequal countries tend to be less concerned about it. Given the ideological connotations in the construct of people’s concerns about economic inequality, whether those who live in more unequal countries are more interested in economic inequality remains unclear. In this research, we aimed to examine whether objective economic inequality is related to individuals’ interest in the topic of economic inequality. First, we used data from the United States Census Bureau and Google Trends to examine whether the objective level of economic inequality predicted the interest of the population in searching Google for terms such as “economic inequality” and “income inequality.” Our results showed that individuals who live in more economically unequal U.S. states more often search these terms. Second, we analysed the tweets that contained the terms “economic inequality” and “income inequality” (10,118 tweets) published over 9 days and localised by U.S. state. We found that individuals who live in more economically unequal U.S. states more often post tweets about economic and income inequality. To take a closer look at the narrative around economic/income inequality, we conducted a network analysis using tweets as nodes and retweets as edges. Our results suggest that the public narrative about economic inequality via Twitter was built on three large communities. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results in relation to economic inequality consequences.

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