Examinando por Autor "Federmeier, Kara D."
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Publicación Effects of transient, mild mood states on semantic memory organization and use: an event-related potential investigation in humans(Elsevier, 2001-06) Federmeier, Kara D.; Kirsonb, Donald A.; Kutas, Marta; Moreno Bella, EvaThe effects of transient mood states on semantic memory organization and use were investigated using event-related potentials. Participants read sentence pairs ending with (1) the most expected word, (2) an unexpected word from the expected semantic category, or (3) an unexpected word from a different (related) category; half the pairs were read under neutral mood and half under positive mood. Under neutral mood, N400 amplitudes were smallest for expected items and smaller for unexpected items when these came from the expected category. In contrast, under positive mood, N400 amplitudes to the two types of unexpected items did not differ. Positive mood seemed to speci®cally facilitate the processing of distantly-related, unexpected items. The results suggest that transient mood states are associated with dynamic changes in how semantic memory is used on-line.Publicación Switching Languages, Switching Palabras (Words): An Electrophysiological Study of Code Switching(Elsevier, 2002-02) Federmeier, Kara D.; Kutas, Marta; Moreno Bella, EvaSwitching languages has often been associated with a processing cost. In this study, the authors used event-related potentials to compare switches between two languages with within-language lexical switches as bilinguals read for comprehension. Stimuli included English sentences and idioms ending either with the expected English words, their Spanish translations (code switches), or English synonyms (lexical switches). As expected, lexical switches specifically enhanced the N400 response in both context types. Code switches, by contrast, elicited an increased negativity over left fronto-central sites in the regular nonidiomatic sentences (250–450 ms) and a large posterior positivity (450–850 ms) in both context types. In addition, both lexical and code switches elicited a late frontal positivity (650–850 ms) relative to expected completions, especially in idioms. Analysis of the individual response patterns showed correlations with vocabulary skills in English and in Spanish. Overall, the electrophysiological data suggest that for some speakers in some contexts, the processing of a code switch may actually be less costly than the processing of an unexpected within-language item.