Persona: González Esteban, Ángel Luis
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0000-0002-8942-3338
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González Esteban
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Ángel Luis
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Publicación Twists and Turns of Land Reform in Latin America: from Predatory to Intermediate States?(Wiley, 2021-04-14) Botella Rodríguez, Elisa; González Esteban, Ángel Luis; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4822Land reform has significantly evolved over time in Latin America. In the early decades of the 20th century, the ‘agrarian question’ involved different national paths of agrarian capitalism and their contributions to industrialization. Later in the century, agriculture played a secondary role, while market-led reforms were implemented from the early 1990s in the region. The agrarian question is now related to a new range of global and national inequalities, whereas the land problem remains unresolved. This paper deals with the role of the state and social dynamics in understanding the twists and turns of Latin America's land reforms from the 1900s to the Global Era.Publicación The agricultural productivity gap: a global vision(Taylor and Francis Group, 2022-06-20) González Esteban, Ángel Luis; Botella Rodríguez, Elisa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4822Productivity in agriculture tends to grow slower than in other sectors. This is a stylized fact that has resulted in a persistent productivity gap, generalized over time and across countries. This paper explores the evolution of this gap from an international perspective, identifying patterns in both developed and developing countries. Empirical regularities are discussed in the light of a literature review on the causes of the gap and its socio-economic effects. Reflections on the nature of the productivity gap often merge with considerations on its social implications and on the policies that should be implemented to deal with it. We refer to this wider political economy issue as the ‘farm problem’, and argue that it has not been given a satisfactory solution, neither in rich nor in developing countries. Although in some industrialized countries the discharging of the countryside has acted as a major source of convergence, there has not been a general reduction in the productivity gap between agriculture and the rest of the economy worldwide, nor are there compelling reasons to assume that this will happen in the future.