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Pérez Escobar, José Antonio

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0000-0002-3728-6896
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Pérez Escobar
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José Antonio
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2016 - 20193
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Fecha de finalización: 2019 ×

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Mostrando 1 - 3 de 3
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    Addiction in existential positive psychology (EPP, PP2.0): from a critique of the brain disease model towards a meaning-centered approach
    (Taylor and Francis Group, Routledge, 2019-04-19) Carreño, David F.; Pérez Escobar, José Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-6485; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-6896
    Addiction is widely considered to be a chronic brain disease. Under this view, neuroscientists have spent lots of resources to study the brain and identify pharmacological targets to palliate addiction. However, the brain disease model presents serious epistemological and practical limitations. Firstly, this article collects important critiques to the medical model and calls for a more pluralistic approach to addiction. Secondly, we discuss the problematic self-regulation of people with addiction from an existential positive perspective (also termed PP2.0). People with addiction, whether it is related to substance abuse, gambling, internet surfing, shopping or eating, usually manifest existential struggles that could account for the development and maintenance of their addiction. Relational problems, evasion of guilt and responsibility, and a lack of meaning in life have been evidenced in the literature. At the base of this psychological problem, there are both an inability to cope with the dark side of life and a maladaptive search for positive emotions that cannot be naturally obtained from meaningful social interactions. Finally, the meaning-centered approach (MCA) is proposed for addiction recovery. MCA helps clients find a purpose in life and integrate into society. This existential positive approach can be a fundamental complement for mainstream addiction treatments.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The Advent of the Philosophy of Mathematical Practice
    (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Filosofía, 2017-10-10) Pérez Escobar, José Antonio; Teira Serrano, David
    Both philosophy and mathematics are ancient academic disciplines whose presence in human affairs can be traced back to very early written remains. Eventually, mathematics itself became a subject of philosophical inquiry, and philosophy of mathematics came to be. It is precisely because of the early appearance of mathematics in the history of humankind that philosophy of mathematics is much older than the philosophy of other academic disciplines, like philosophy of biology, or even philosophy of physics. Not only that, but many of the ideas developed by Greek philosophers in philosophy of mathematics prevail to this day. The legacy of platonism, for example, is such that it remains one of the most popular metaphysical assumptions among not only practicing mathematicians, but also among other academics who make use of applied mathematics in their fields of knowledge and the general population. However, a generation of philosophers originated in the second half of the 20th century and pioneered by Imre Lakatos and Philip Kitcher has noted that, in spite of the long track of philosophy of mathematics and the considerable number of school of thoughts in the discipline, the focus of philosophers of mathematics has been quite limited. The practical aspects of mathematics, that is, how mathematics is done as a whole, have been neglected for the most part. On the other hand, the philosophy of empirical sciences, even with a shorter history at its back, enjoys a broader range of topics among its repertoire. This is, in part, due to a number of particularities of mathematics as a field of knowledge, a lack of philosophical reflection on such mathematical idiosyncrasy, and a passive and limited in scope history of mathematics. In this essay, I shall provide an overview of the differences between the traditional philosophy of mathematics and the philosophy of mathematical practice. Moreover, I will explore the philosophical milestones that gave rise to the genesis of the latter, and discuss the role of the central pillars that currently keep it afloat.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Visual landmarks sharpen grid cell metric and confer context specificity to neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex
    (eLife Sciences Publications, 2016-06-23) Pérez Escobar, José Antonio; Kornienko, Olga; Latuske, Patrick; Kohler, Laura; Allen, Kevin
    Neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) provide spatial representations critical for navigation. In this network, the periodic firing fields of grid cells act as a metric element for position. The location of the grid firing fields depends on interactions between self-motion information, geometrical properties of the environment and nonmetric contextual cues. Here, we test whether visual information, including nonmetric contextual cues, also regulates the firing rate of MEC neurons. Removal of visual landmarks caused a profound impairment in grid cell periodicity. Moreover, the speed code of MEC neurons changed in darkness and the activity of border cells became less confined to environmental boundaries. Half of the MEC neurons changed their firing rate in darkness. Manipulations of nonmetric visual cues that left the boundaries of a 1D environment in place caused rate changes in grid cells. These findings reveal context specificity in the rate code of MEC neurons.