Person: Lois García, David
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Lois García
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David
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Publication Psicología Social Volumen II(Sanz y Torres, 2023) Fernández Arregui, Saulo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; Fuster Ruiz de Apodaca, María José; Lois García, David; Vázquez Botana, AlexandraPublication Situational materialism increases climate change scepticism in men compared to women(Elsevier, 2021-09) Vázquez Botana, Alexandra; Larzabal Fernández, Aitor; Lois García, DavidMen appear to be more sceptical towards climate change and less pro-environmental than women. On the other hand, priming certain values (e.g., wealth) undermines support for pro-environmental behaviours. Based on these findings, we explored whether situational materialism may amplify the differences between women and men in scepticism towards climate change. In three experiments we presented participants with either images portraying luxury consumption or neutral images, and then we measured scepticism. Study 1 showed that men increased their scepticism over women when they were exposed to luxury consumption, but not to neutral images. Studies 2–3 replicated these results and further explored the influence of gender roles. Conformity to male roles was associated with greater scepticism in both studies, and such association was amplified by situational materialism, but only in Study 2. Thus, situational materialism in men and conformity to male roles, in general, might hamper the fight against climate change.Publication Exposure to Motivational Messages Promotes Meritocratic Beliefs and an Individualistic Perception of Social Change(SAGE Publications, 2023-11-28) Vázquez Botana, Alexandra; Reyes Valenzuela, Carlos; Villagrán, Loreto; Lois García, DavidSome critics claim that the self-help industry legitimizes inequality by enhancing individualism and meritocratic beliefs. The present research aims to provide experimental support to these assumptions by exploring the effect of motivational messages on meritocratic beliefs and the perceived effectiveness of individual and collective action to promote social change toward equality and on collective action intentions. Across three experiments, 663 participants were exposed to motivational messages either by copying short quotes or watching a short video containing those same quotes. As compared with a control condition, exposure to motivational messages strengthened meritocratic beliefs and, in turn, increased the perceived effectiveness of individual action in promoting social change and undermined the perceived effectiveness of collective action and subsequently collective action intentions. These findings fuel the debate on the individualistic bias and meritocratic orientation of the self-help industry and highlight the need to analyze its impact on social and economic justice.Publication Positive contact with working-class people reduces personal contribution to inequality(SAGE Publications, 2022-07-15) Vázquez Botana, Alexandra; Sayans Jiménez, Pablo; López Rodríguez, Lucía; Lois García, David; Hanna ZagefkaThe current research investigates the effect of a type of intergroup contact that has rarely been studied to date, class-based contact, on one’s personal contribution to inequality. We conducted two studies with middle and upper class individuals. We first longitudinally examined whether positive contact with working-class people reduces contribution to inequality (i.e., participants stating that they themselves contribute to maintaining the social hierarchy) whilst controlling for ideological factors. Lower levels of contribution to inequality were present in people with more and better contact, but the change over time was small in the absence of experimental manipulation. An experiment then showed that recall of positive (vs. negative) contact with working-class people reduced participants’ contribution to inequality and increased their willingness to participate in collective action for equality. These results suggest that facilitating spaces where members of different social classes can have positive interactions can contribute to reducing inequality.Publication The role of subjective socioeconomic status in predicting academic performance: exploring the mediating influence of sense of belonging among students in a distance learning university(Cambridge University Press, 2024-03-07) Vázquez Botana, Alexandra; Alba Langreo, Beatriz; Lois García, David; García Ael, Mª Cristina; Bustillos López, AntonioBuilding upon existing research conducted in face-to-face universities, our research explored whether, in the context of a distance learning institution, the positive association between subjective socioeconomic status and academic performance can be explained by students’ sense of belonging. To that end, we conducted a three-wave correlational study with 2,261 students enrolled in Social Psychology in a distance learning university. At the start of the academic year, we measured participants’subjective socioeconomic status relative to other students alongside their initial expectations in terms of time investment and grades and other relevant covariates. Midway through the course, we assessed their sense of belonging to the university and, at the end, we recorded their grades. Results suggested that sense of belonging potentially serves as a mediating factor in the positive relationship between subjective socioeconomic status and grades even after accounting for variables like initial grade expectations, time commitment, gender, age, and employment situation. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of students’ psychological connection to the university in shaping their academic achievement, even within the expanding landscape of distance education.Publication Actitudes hacia modos de transporte urbano: aspectos expresivos y afectivos(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, 2008-06-19) Lois García, David; López Sáez, MercedesLos vehículos son actualmente la fuente del 50% de la contaminación del aire y del 90% del monóxido de carbono que se emite en las ciudades. La utilización excesiva del vehículo privado no parece fácil de limitar por parte de los poderes públicos, aún cuando el transporte público se establezca en ocasiones como una alternativa competitiva en términos de comodidad, rapidez y disponibilidad. Tradicionalmente, la movilidad urbana ha sido abordada desde diversas disciplinas bajo una óptica utilitarista o práctica, en términos de conveniencia, dejándose a un lado aspectos de carácter simbólico y emocional que pueden jugar un papel relevante. En este trabajo se analiza, a partir de las respuestas de 501 personas a un cuestionario autocumplimentado, la posible influencia sobre la conducta de movilidad de distintos componentes actitudinales. Específicamente, el objetivo prioritario de la investigación es analizar el efecto de los componentes de carácter simbólico, afectivo e instrumental sobre el uso del automóvil. Nuestros resultados indican que "Emoción coche" -variable que recoge el grado de vinculación afectiva de las personas con su vehículo privado- explica un significativo 12% de la frecuencia de uso del automóvil. Por otro lado, tanto la consideración del automóvil como un objeto de expresión de estatus ante otras personas como la posesión de una imagen benevolente de sus ventajas prácticas son predictores significativos del afecto hacia el coche. Otros aspectos de tipo estructural como la disponibilidad de parking o la eficiencia de la red de transporte público son factores que influyen sobre la probabilidad de tomar el coche en los desplazamientos habituales. Igualmente, aquellas personas que con frecuencia experimentan "buenas vibraciones" al conducir se muestran más de acuerdo con políticas que faciliten la circulación de automóviles en la ciudad, oponiéndose firmemente a medidas restrictivas, como la implantación de parquímetros o la reducción de plazas de parking en los centros urbanos. Respecto a los aspectos simbólicos -expresión asociada con el uso del automóvil- es más probable encontrar puntuaciones altas en dicha variable entre los varones, personas con menos de 30 años, dueños de coches de gama alta y conductores de modelos marca Volkswagen. También es destacable que las personas más proclives a "mostrarse" con su vehículo perciben como menos dañinos los efectos del uso del coche sobre el medio ambiente y la salud pública. Estos hallazgos corroboran la relevancia de los aspectos no instrumentales implicados en la elección de modos de transporte, aspectos que deben incorporarse con decisión al conjunto de herramientas de persuasión de las que disponen las administraciones públicas, a modo de "de-marketing", al igual que lo hacen en beneficio propio los fabricantes de automóviles en sus campañas publicitarias.Publication Multivariate analysis of fuel consumption related to eco-driving: Interaction of driving patterns and external factors(Elsevier, 2021-03-01) Lois García, David; Wang, Yang; Boggio Marzet, Alessandra; Monzon, AndresEco-driving, as individual car-use behavior, is a cost-effective way of improving fuel efficiency, reducing CO2 emissions and other air pollutants like NOx. This paper aims to expand the knowledge on the short-term impacts of eco-driving by developing an analytical model of the key factors that explain fuel consumption and eco-driving, and to examine their relations in greater depth. Additionally, this paper analyses the effects on drivers’ stress levels after eco-driving. An eco-driving field trial is applied to collect real data of 1156 trips, using two vehicles and 24 drivers (42% Female; Age, M = 30.15; Years of driving experience, M = 10.30) in two Spanish cities with different road characteristics. A sequential method involving factor analysis, regression analysis and path analysis is used to analyze the sample. The results confirm that eco-driving is strongly affected by driving behavior like deceleration rate, RPM and speed, also showing that external factors as congestion and road slope have a direct influence on fuel consumption. The results also reveal that perceived stress levels vary among drivers, but there is not significant change when drivers eco driving.Publication Prejudice against members of a ridiculed working-class group(Wiley, 2020-03-09) Vázquez Botana, Alexandra; Lois García, DavidIn five experiments, we examined the stereotypes, emotions, and behavioural intentions associated with a Spanish working-class group, known as chonis. We described a student (Experiments 1–3) or job candidate (Experiments 4–5) and presented participants with a picture showing a woman characterized either as choni or posh (an upper-class group, Experiments 2–4) or with no picture (Experiments 1, 3–5). Depending on the condition, explicit information about her high social class (Experiment 1), performance (Experiment 3), or category (Experiment 5) was provided. Participants evaluated the candidate more negatively, felt less admiration, and were less willing to interact with her or to recommend her for a job when she was categorized as choni as compared to the other categories. These effects disappeared if the student/candidate had high socioeconomic status or performed excellently in the academic domain, but they were magnified for highly (vs. weakly) materialistic individuals. Class prejudice apparently has harmful effects on disadvantaged individuals, but can be mitigated by explicit information.Publication Effect of health-promoting messages in television food commercials on adolescents’ attitudes and consumption: A randomized intervention study(Elsevier, 2021-03) Fernández-Escobar, Carlos; Monroy-Parada, Doris Xiomara; Ordaz Castillo, Elena; Lois García, David; Royo Bordonada, Miguel ÁngelIntroduction The HAVISA plan is a Spanish government's policy for the promotion of healthy lifestyles via health messages in television food advertisements. This study evaluated the positive or negative impact (health halo effect) of health messages on food choices and predisposition towards healthy habits of Spanish adolescents. Methods Randomized controlled study in 11–14 years old adolescents. The intervention group watched television advertisements for unhealthy foods with HAVISA health messages, while the control group watched the same advertisements without them. A self-administered questionnaire measured participants’ attitudes towards the products advertised, to diet and physical activity, and recognition of messages. Afterwards they chose between fruit and unhealthy snacks. The differences between the two groups were then compared. Results A total of 27.2% of the control group versus 29.6% of the intervention group chose fruit (p = 0.54). Both groups displayed high desire for (7.24 vs. 7.40, p = 0.29) and intention to consume (6.67 vs. 6.73, p = 0.63) the unhealthy products advertised. There were no differences in perceived healthiness of these foods (4.11 vs. 4.19, p = 0.74), or perceived importance of a healthy diet (3.17 vs. 3.12, p = 0.55) or physical activity (4.53 vs. 4.51, p = 0.73). Desire for vegetables (2.49 vs. 2.66, p = 0.08) and fruit (3.15 vs. 3.30, p = 0.09) were higher in the intervention group, but the differences were not significant. Only 47.6% of participants noticed the presence of health messages; of these, 31% correctly recalled their content. Conclusion HAVISA health messages changed neither the attitudes nor immediate eating behaviors of adolescents. There was no immediate healthy-lifestyle promoter or adverse health halo effect, probably due to the messages’ low prominence. Further research should evaluate the long-term effect of repeated exposure to health messages.Publication Factores que influyen en la elección del transporte público o el automóvil como modo de transporte en los desplazamientos habituales(SAGE, 2014-05-01) López Sáez, Mercedes; Martínez Rubio, José Luis; Lois García, David; Fernández Sedano, IciarEl objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar, entre usuarios de transporte público y privado, las diferencias en actitudes hacia su modo de transporte habitual. Asimismo, se ha comprobado la capacidad explicativa de las actitudes para determinar la elección del modo de transporte, junto con los factores estructurales y sociodemográficos. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo en tres ciudades españolas, habiendo participado 742 personas. Los resultados revelan que el automóvil es mejor valorado que los modos públicos en los atributos asociados a ventajas inmediatas (p.e., rapidez o disponibilidad) y la comodidad. El metro es bien valorado tanto en ventajas inmediatas como en diferidas (medio ambiente, seguridad, coste y salud). El autobús es el modo menos valorado, en comparación con el resto. Mediante regresión logística se ha comprobado que la varianza explicada por un modelo en el que se incluyen las actitudes (R2 = .639) es mayor que la explicada por un modelo basado solamente en variables relacionadas con las infraestructuras (R2 = .489). La discusión de estos resultados se vincula con actuaciones dirigidas a disminuir el uso del automóvil.