Persona: Filipa M.B., Lã
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Filipa M.B., Lã
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Publicación Female Voice-Related Sexual Attractiveness to Males: Does it Vary With Different Degrees of Conception Likelihood?(Elsevier, 2023-05) Filipa M.B., Lã; Granqvist, Svante; Cova, Tania; Pais, Alberto C.; Polo Cano, Nuria; Filipa M.B., LãPrevious investigations have found that female voice-related attractiveness to males increases when both conception likelihood (CL) and voice fundamental frequency (fo) are elevated. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a perceptual experiment where 78 heterosexual males rated sexual attractiveness of 9 female voice samples, recorded at menstrual, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle under two double-blinded randomly allocated conditions: a natural menstrual cycle (placebo condition) and when using an oral contraceptive pill (OCP condition). The voice samples yielded a total of 54 stimuli that were visually sorted and rated using Visor software. Concentrations of estrogens, progesterone and testosterone were analyzed, and measurements of speaking fundamental frequency (sfo) and its standard deviation (sfoSD), fo derivative (dfo) and fo slope were made. A multilevel ordinal logistic regression model nested in listeners and in females, and adjusted by phase and condition, was carried out to assess the association between ratings and: (1) phases and conditions; (2) sex steroid hormonal concentrations; and (3) voice parameters. A high probability of obtaining high ratings of voice sexual attractiveness was found for: (1) menstrual phase of placebo use and follicular phase of OCP use; (2) for low estradiol to progesterone ratio and testosterone concentrations; and (3) for low dfo. The latter showed a moderate statistical association with ratings of high attractiveness, as compared with the small association found for the remaining variables. It seems that the voice is a weak cue for female CL. Female sexual attraction to males may be a consequence of what females do in order to regulate their extended sexuality across the menstrual cycle rather than of estrus cues, the use of paralinguistic speech patterns being an example.Publicación Glottal airflow and glottal area waveform characteristics of flow phonation in untrained vocally healthy adults(Elsevier, 2022-01) Patel, Rita R.; Sundberg, Johan; Gill, Brian P.; Filipa M.B., Lã; Filipa M.B., LãObjective To examine flow phonation characteristics with regard to vocal fold vibration and voice source properties in vocally healthy adults using multimodality voice measurements across various phonation types (breathy, neutral, flow, and pressed) and loudness conditions (typical, loud, and soft). Participants and Methods Vocal fold vibration, airflow, acoustic, and subglottal pressure was analyzed in 13 untrained voices (six female and seven male). Participants repeated the syllable / pæ:/ using breathy, neutral, flow, and pressed phonation during typical, loud, and soft loudness conditions. Glottal area (GA) waveforms were extracted from high-speed videoendoscopy; glottal flow was derived from inverse filtering the airflow or the audio signal; and subglottal pressure was measured as the intraoral pressure during /p/ occlusion. Results Changes in phonation type and loudness conditions resulted in systematic variations across the relative peak closing velocity derived from the GA waveform for both males and females. Amplitude quotient derived from the flow glottogram varied across phonation types for males. Conclusion Multimodality evaluation using the GA waveform and the inverse filtered waveforms revealed a complex pattern that varied as a function of phonation types and loudness conditions across males and females. Emerging findings from this study suggests that future large-scale studies should focus on spatial and temporal features of closing speed and closing duration for differentiating flow phonation from other phonation types in untrained adults with and without voice disorders.Publicación Self-Perceived Voice Handicap During COVID19 Compulsory Facemask Use: A Comparative Study Between Portuguese and Spanish Speakers(Elsevier, 2024-08-02) Polo Cano, Nuria; Filipa M.B., LãThis study investigates self-perceptions of voice-related handicap as a function of facemask use in the general working population during the COVID19 outbreak, using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Each VHI item was answered twice in a row; the first answer referred to the condition of not wearing a facemask (henceforth, the Without condition) and the second to the condition of using a facemask (henceforth, the With condition). VHI scores were collected via Google Forms (Google, Mountain View, California), targeting 2 groups of speakers of different nationalities, Portuguese (n = 261) and Spanish (n = 297). A Wilcoxon test was carried out to compare VHI scores between With and Without conditions for each group of speakers; a Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups within each condition. Results suggested that VHI overall scores and scores for all dimensions were higher for the With condition, for both Portuguese and Spanish speakers. When comparing groups of speakers, Spanish speakers presented higher scores for functional and emotional dimensions, for both With and Without conditions. In addition, the overall score for the Without condition was higher for Spanish speakers. No differences between groups were found for the total VHI score for the With condition. When comparing overall VHIdiff between speakers, that is, the difference in the VHI total score between With and Without conditions, no significant differences could be found. Thus, a multiple regression analysis was carried out between the VHIdiff and the independent variables of interest: age, sex, smoking habits, professional occupation, nationality, facemask type and its hours of use. The resulting model providing the highest association suggested that 2.5% of the variation in overall VHIdiff total score could be associated with sex, smoking habits, and professional level. Female smokers who use their voices during prolonged hours at work (e.g., teachers, lawyers, sales people) presented a higher VHI total score when wearing a mask. Future voice-related health interventions should address preventive strategies towards speaking behaviors leading to vocal fatigue and vocal effort as a consequence of compulsory facemask use, especially with respect to female professional voice users who smokePublicación Menopausal Voice-Related Work Limitation Scale (MenoVWL): development and validation(Elsevier, 2022-11-30) Filipa M.B., Lã; Mateos Ramírez, Ana; Ardura Martínez, Diego; Barro Fiuza, Mauro; Polo Cano, Nuria; Filipa M.B., LãObjectives Menopause has been reported to affect the voice of female professional voice users (FPVUs). The present study aims at the development and validation of a scale to measure self-perceived menopausal voice-related limitation to work in FPVUs, henceforth the Menopausal Voice-Related Work Limitation Scale (MenoVWL). Methods Items were drawn from previous studies on impacts of sex steroid hormones on voice, available validated scales, and in-depth interviews with post-menopausal FPVUs. A preliminary version with 16 items was evaluated by a panel of 15 voice experts. The resulting revised version was filled in online, together with questions on current endocrinological reproductive status and related symptoms, history of amenorrhea, professional occupation, and demographic information. Responses concerning only professional voice users were selected and inclusive and exclusive criteria were applied for correct allocation of participants into pre- and post-menopausal stages within a restrict age range;192 responses were subject to factorial analysis for MenoVWL validation. Cronbach's alpha measured internal reliability. The scale was tested by comparing MenoVWL scores between pre- and post-menopausal FPVUs (98 and 94, respectively). Results Thirteen items were retained from the expert panel evaluation. Items presented a high Content Validity Index (.94 out of 1) and high Item Acceptance Ratio (86.25 %). Both exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis rendered one dimension scale with an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .9). The results of a Mann-Whitney test showed a higher MenoVWL score for post- as compared to pre-menopausal FPVUs (Z = - 2.818; P = .005). Conclusions MenoVWL is a comprehensive and validated scale with a known factor structure. It constitutes a health care and safety outcome self-perceived measure of value to the early detection of voice-related limitations to work in FPVUs during menopause.Publicación Avaliação aerodinâmica e acústica da fonte de voz(Thieme Revinter, 2022) Sundberg, Johan; Filipa M.B., Lã; Filipa M.B., LãPublicación Fundamental frequency disturbances in female and male singers' pitch glides through long tube with varied resistances(Acoustical Society of America (ASA), 2023-08-09) Sundberg, Johan; Granqvist, Svante; Filipa M.B., LãSource-filter interaction can disturb vocal fold vibration frequency. Resonance frequency/bandwidth ratios (Q-values) may affect such interaction. Occurrences of fundamental frequency (fo) disturbances were measured in ascending pitch glides produced by four female and five male singers phonating into a 70 cm long tube. Pitch glides were produced with varied resonance Q-values of the vocal tract + tube compound (VT + tube): (i) tube end open, (ii) tube end open with nasalization, and (iii) with a piece of cotton wool in the tube end (conditions Op, Ns, and Ct, respectively). Disturbances of fo were identified by calculating the derivative of the low-pass filtered fo curve. Resonance frequencies of the compound VT+tube system were determined from ringings and glottal aspiration noise observed in narrowband spectrograms. Disturbances of fo tended to occur when a partial was close to a resonance of the compound VT+tube system. The number of such disturbances was significantly lower when the resonance Q-values were reduced (conditions Ns and Ct), particularly for the males. In some participants, resonance Q-values seemed less influential, suggesting little effect of source-filter interaction. The study sheds light on factors affecting source-filter interaction and fo control and is, therefore, relevant to voice pedagogy and theory of voice production.Publicación Flow ball-assisted voice training: immediate effects on vocal fold contacting(Elsevier, 2020-09-01) Filipa M.B., Lã; Ternström, Sten; Filipa M.B., LãObjective Effects of exercises using a tool that promotes a semi-occluded artificially elongated vocal tract with real-time visual feedback of airflow – the flow ball – were tested using voice maps of EGG time-domain metrics. Methods Ten classically trained singers (5 males and 5 females) were asked to sing messa di voce exercises on eight scale tones, performed in three consecutive conditions: baseline (‘before’), flow ball phonation (‘during’), and again without the flow ball (‘after’). These conditions were repeated eight times in a row: one scale tone at a time, on an ascending whole tone scale. Audio and electroglottographic signals were recorded using a Laryngograph microprocessor. Vocal fold contacting was assessed using three time-domain metrics of the EGG waveform, using FonaDyn. The quotient of contact by integration, Qci, the normalized peak derivative, QΔ, and the index of contacting Ic, were quantified and compared between ‘before’ and ‘after’ conditions. Results Effects of flow ball exercises depended on singers’ habitual phonatory behaviours and on the position in the voice range. As computed over the entire range of the task, Qci was reduced by about 2% in five of ten singers. QΔ was 2–6% lower in six of the singers, and 3–4% higher only in the two bass-baritones. Ic decreased by almost 4% in all singers. Conclusion Overall, vocal adduction was reduced and a gentler vocal fold collision was observed for the ‘after’ conditions. Significance Flow ball exercises may contribute to the modification of phonatory behaviours of vocal pressedness.Publicación Augmented visual-feedback of airflow: Immediate effects on voice-source characteristics of students of singing(['SAGE', 'SEMPRE'], 2021-07-12) Filipa M.B., Lã; Sundberg, Johan; Granqvist, Svante; Filipa M.B., LãGlottal adduction is a crucial aspect in voice education and vocal performance: it has major effects on phonatory airflow and, consequently, on voice timbre. As the voice is a non-visible musical instrument, controlling it could be facilitated by providing real-time visual feedback of phonatory airflow. Here, we test the usefulness of a flow ball (FB) training device, visualizing, in terms of the height of a polystyrene ball placed in a plastic basket, phonatory airflow during phonation. Audio and electroglottographic recordings of five postgraduate, classically trained singer students were made under three subsequent conditions: before, during, and after phonating into the FB. The calibrated audio signal was inverse-filtered, using an electroglottograph signal to guide the manual tuning of the inverse filters. Mean phonatory airflow, peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, and normalized amplitude quotient were extracted from the resulting flow glottograms. After the FB condition, increases of mean flow and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude were observed in four singers. In addition, the singers’ mean normalized amplitude quotient increased significantly. The findings, although exploratory, suggest that reduction of glottal adduction.Publicación What Voice-Related Metrics Change With Menopause? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study(Elsevier, 2022-05) Ardura Martínez, Diego; Filipa M.B., LãVoice complaints associated with menopause have been reported by a substantial number of studies. However, to assess the clinical relevance of menopause to voice is still difficult as the extent to which menopausal symptoms are reflected on voice metrics remains unclear. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were carried out to identify voice-related metrics that change with menopause and to quantify the magnitude of those changes. Academic Search Premier, Medline, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched without restriction of publication year until January 2020. Cross-sectional studies comparing voice-related metrics between pre- and post-menopausal women were included. Studies assessing effects of hormonal-replacement therapy were excluded. Datasets with more than one publication were also disregarded. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed applying the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. Given the heterogeneous nature of the primary studies, random-effects models were applied to pool the estimates. Eight articles were considered eligible for meta-analyses, assessing the effects of menopause on 6 voice metrics: mean fundamental frequency (fo), extracted from (1) speech and (2) from sustained vowel /a/; frequency perturbation measures (3) jitter, (4) shimmer and (5) noise-to-harmonics ratio; and (6) maximum phonation time. Both speech fundamental frequency and fo for sustained vowel /a/ were found to be 0.94 and 1.18 semitones lower in post- as compared to pre-menopausal women, respectively. Although significant, the magnitude of these decreases is below the just noticeable interval difference and well above the cutting point for distinguishing female from male voices. No significant differences were found for jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonics ratio, and maximum phonation time. The evaluation of acoustic metrics that reflect a single aspect of voice production at a time may conceal the effects of hormonal shifts during menopause. In addition, several variables interplay during voice production and acoustical measures may constitute weak predictors of vocal folds’ status, where changes associated to sex steroid hormones are most likely to occur.Publicación Development and Validation of the Singing Voice Function Self-Efficacy Scale (Singing-VoSES)(['SAGE', 'SEMPRE'], 2023-02-11) Filipa M.B., Lã; Barro Fiuza, Mauro; Ardura Martínez, Diego; Filipa M.B., LãThis investigation aimed at developing and validating a scale measuring perceived self-efficacy in singing with respect to voice function, the Singing Voice Function Self-Efficacy Scale (Singing-VoSES). Voice experts validated an 18-item scale, subsequently administered online, targeting specifically professional and semi-professional female singers. These inclusion criteria were met by a total of 439 participants. Results of both exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis suggest that Singing-VoSES is a valid scale, with items grouped into three self-efficacy dimensions: Higher Range and Transitions, Middle Range and Lower Range. Middle Range and Lower Range dimensions were both significantly higher than Higher Range and Transitions. Singing high notes and notes within transitional vocal ranges require a refined neuromotor control of the voice, and thus may be particularly challenging. Comparisons between pre and postmenopausal singers were made, as menopause has been associated with changes in voice function. Significantly lower self-efficacies for Higher Range and Transitions and Middle Range were found in post as compared to premenopausal singers. This result, together with the possible lack of coping strategies, may contribute to negative impacts on singers’ performances and, ultimately, lead to premature retirement from public performances. Thus, monitoring self-efficacy with respect to voice function seems relevant, particularly when assisting singers experiencing menopause-related voice difficulties.