Persona: Fernández Sedano, Iciar
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Fernández Sedano
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Iciar
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Publicación ¿Salud o riqueza? La influencia de las amenazas percibidas contra la salud y la riqueza y del estilo de pensamiento en las conductas de protección y el bienestar durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en España(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-12-12) Carrera, Pilar; Aguilar, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, IciarEn este estudio se explora la influencia que ejercen el estilo de pensamiento y la percepción de amenazas a la salud y a la riqueza en las conductas de protección y en el bienestar de las personas en el contexto de la primera ola de COVID-19 en España. Anticipábamos que un estilo de pensamiento abstracto (frente a uno concreto) estaría relacionado con una mayor adopción de comportamientos de protección y con una sensación de bienestar más alta. Exploramos estas relaciones mediante un cuestionario en línea (N = 1,043) y hallamos que una percepción de mayor gravedad en las amenazas contra la salud y la riqueza y un nivel más elevado de abstracción estaban vinculados con más conductas de protección. Un resultado relevante fue encontrar que, cuando los participantes no se sentían amenazados en exceso, quienes presentaban un pensamiento abstracto mostraban comportamientos más protectores. Por lo que se refiere al bienestar, cuando las personas percibían amenazas más graves, quienes tenían un estilo de pensamiento abstracto expresaban mayor nivel de bienestar. En el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, nuestra investigación corrobora la idea de que el estilo de pensamiento abstracto es un factor de protección frente a la adversidad, puesto que está relacionado con conductas de protección y con un mayor nivel de bienestar percibido, incluso cuando las personas perciben amenazas graves a su salud y su riqueza.Publicación Desires matter! Desired attitudes predict behavioural intentions in people who think abstractly: the case of eating products without added salt(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019-05-01) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, IciarIntroducción. La investigación previa muestra que la coherencia en el nivel de constructo entre el estilo de pensamiento de una persona y los predictores mejoraba la fuerza de las predicciones. Puesto que las actitudes deseadas son más abstractas que las reales, esperábamos que aquellas constituyesen mejores predictores de las intenciones de comportamiento en las personas que tienen un estilo de pensamiento abstracto. Objetivo. Para comprobar el efecto de esta correlación entre las actitudes deseadas y el estilo de pensamiento abstracto, medimos el nivel de constructo en términos de tendencia basal personal. Método. Los participantes (N = 105) informaron sobre su experiencia pasada, sus actitudes deseadas y reales sobre comer alimentos sin sal añadida y sus intenciones de comportamiento. Para clasificar a los participantes en un estilo de pensamiento abstracto o concreto, se codificó su primer pensamiento aplicando el modelo de categoría lingüística (LCM). Resultados. El análisis de pendientes simples (simple slopes) reveló un efecto significativo de las actitudes deseadas sobre las intenciones de comportamiento en los participantes con un estilo de pensamiento abstracto. Conclusión. Nuestros resultados corroboran la relevancia de las actitudes deseadas en relación con las predicciones de comportamiento y amplían el papel del nivel de constructo en la predicción y promoción de un comportamiento deseable pero exigente en el marco de las diferencias individuales.Publicación Using Abstractness to Confront Challenges: How the Abstract Construal Level Increases People’s Willingness to Perform Desirable But Demanding Actions(American Psychological Association, 2019-09-19) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, IciarPrevious research has shown that while considering future behavioral intentions, desirability is more salient in making decisions in an abstract mindset than in a concrete one. Based on this premise, we test whether behavioral intentions to engage in desirable but difficult actions are more likely in an abstract mindset than a concrete mindset. We experimentally manipulated (Studies 1 through 4 using cognitive primes) and measured as a personal disposition (Study 5 using the Behavioral Identification Form) the construal level to evaluate its influence on the willingness to perform challenges. The behaviors tested focused on self-benefits (Studies 4 and 5) and benefits to others (Studies 1 through 3 and 5). Studies 1 and 2 included only demanding behaviors, whereas Studies 3 through 5 included both difficult and easy conditions. In Studies 1 and 2, the participants were more motivated to attempt a difficult task when they were in an abstract mindset. In Studies 3 through 5, the participants in the abstract (compared to concrete) mindset reported a greater willingness and commitment to attempt desirable but demanding behaviors. Finally, in Study 5, the influence of the construal level on the global behavioral plan index (three behaviors) was moderated by feasibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)Publicación The links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being(Wiley, 2022-07-11) Caballero, Amparo; Aguilar, Pilar; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, IciarIn the present research, we examined the links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being and their roles in predicting protective behaviors against COVID-19. Study 1 (N = 120) revealed that after an experimental manipulation to induce the perception of relative financial scarcity (versus financial abundance), people who perceived higher relative financial scarcity changed their thinking style to a more concrete mindset. In Study 2 (N = 873), the relative financial abundance–scarcity situation was measured, and the results showed that the greater the perceived relative financial scarcity was, the more concrete the mindset and the lower the sense of well-being. Impor- tantly, we found that individuals who felt poorer but maintained an abstract thinking style reported higher well-being. Study 3 (N = 501) examined the influence of a concrete thinking style in people who perceived that their economic situation had worsened with the pandemic. The results showed that when this vulnerable population presented a more concrete mindset, they reported lower well-being, higher fatalism, and lower protective behavior against COVID-19. Thus, maintaining an abstract mindset promotes higher well-being, lower fatalism, and greater protective behaviors against COVID-19, even under economic difficulties. Because thinking style can be modified, our results encourage the development of new social intervention programs to promote an abstract mindset when people face important challenges.Publicación Does poverty promote a different and harmful way of thinking? The links between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors(Springer, 2021-10-15) Caballero, Amparo; Aguilar, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, IciarWe tested the relationships between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors. We manipulated the lack of economic resources using a priming task in Studies 1 and 2, and participants reported their real income and completed the BIF scale to measure their construal level in Study 3. Studies 1–3 supported the link between perceived economic scarcity and the concrete construal level. Study 4 demonstrated the mediating role played by the concrete construal level in the influence of economic scarcity on risk behaviors using two opposite priming procedures (scarcity plus abstraction). Study 5, in a real context of economic vulnerability, supported the link between concrete mindset and risk behavioral intentions, while abstraction was associated with fewer risk intentions. Concrete thinking implies focusing on the immediate situation, which might facilitate adaptation to the demanding conditions that characterize scarcity contexts but leaves people without a broad perspective of the future to make safe decisions in situations that involve self-control, such as health-risk behaviors. Because an abstract construal level can be induced, these findings open up challenging ways to improve the conditions in which people in scarcity contexts make some behavioral decisions while we continue working to reduce situations of economic scarcity.Publicación The Relationships between Economic Scarcity, Concrete Mindset and Risk Behavior: A Study of Nicaraguan Adolescents(MDPI, 2020-05-28) Aguilar, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Sevillano, Verónica; Muño, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, IciarBackground: Nicaragua is one of the poorest countries in Latin America, with an extremely low human development index (HDI). Fifty-two percent of the Nicaraguan population are children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Nicaraguan adolescents present several risk behaviors (such as teenage pregnancies, consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis). Our study examines the links between risk behaviors, fatalism, real economic scarcity, and concrete construal level for adolescents with low and middle-low socioeconomic status in Nicaragua. Methods: Nicaraguan adolescents (N = 834) from schools located in especially vulnerable areas (low economic status) or in neighborhoods with middle-low social class completed several scales and questions to evaluate fatalism (SFC—social fatalism scale), construal level (BIF) and their past and future risk behaviors (smoking cigarettes, smoking cannabis, unsafe sex, and alcohol consumption). Results: We identified that the poorest individuals who maintained a concrete style of thinking had the highest rates of past and future risk behaviors. This vulnerable group also reported the highest levels of fatalism, i.e., negative attitudes and feelings of helplessness. Encouragingly, the adolescents who were able to maintain an abstract mindset reported healthier past and future habits and lower fatalism, even when they belonged to the lowest social status. In the middle-low economic group, the construal level was not as relevant to maintaining healthy habits, as adolescents reported similar rates of past and future risk behavior at both construal levels. Conclusions: All these results support the importance of considering construal level when studying vulnerable populations and designing risk prevention programsPublicación Disentangling Emotions during the Coronavirus Outbreak in Spain: Inner Emotions, Descriptive Feeling Rules and Socioemotional Conventions(Cambridge University Press, 2022-03-09) Caballero, Amparo; Villar, Sergio; Sevillano, Verónica; Gavilán, Pablo; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, IciarFor constructionism, language is the link among different levels of analysis of emotional events, from individual to interpersonal and macrosocial. The interaction among these emotional levels allows us to construe an emotional episode and label it with an emotion word, coordinate with the emotions perceived in others, and represent events as a society. Across two studies, we found similarities and differences among inner emotions experienced (individual level), emotions perceived in others (descriptive feeling rules, interpersonal level) and emotions shared on the internet (socioemotional conventions, macro- social level), with all these emotional targets focused on the COVID–19 outbreak. The results indicate a similarity between the emotional meaning of COVID–19 in society and the descriptive feeling rules, whereas the reported inner emotions were clearly distinct: Joy was irrelevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels but clearly important at the individual level. A mismatch also appeared for fear and hope. While fear was the most predominant emotion at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels during most of the phases, it was moderately predominant at the individual level. Hope followed the opposite pattern, being the most relevant emotion at the individual level but less relevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels. Each level might have different consequences: Mixed emotions at the individual level might promote resilience; fear perceived in other people might motivate protective behaviors; and sadness socially shared during Christmas might generate greater empathy. These results support the complexity of emotional concepts and the suitability of exploring them at different levels of analysisPublicación Consumo de medios para obtener información sobre la Covid-19 durante el confinamiento en España: influencia de variables demográficas, de alerta-focalización y emocionales(Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021-11-01) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, IciarEsta investigación analiza cómo el sexo, la edad, la respuesta de alerta-focalización y la reacción emocional ante la pandemia influyeron en el consumo de medios para obtener información de la Covid-19 durante el confinamiento en España. Así, se encuestaron 1,981 participantes durante los dos primeros meses, concretamente desde el 13 de marzo al 12 de mayo de 2020. El 71.3% de la muestra eran mujeres y la edad estaba comprendida entre los 18 y los 72 años (M = 35.37; SD = 12.71). Los resultados mostraron que las personas de más edad se decantan por los medios de comunicación más clásicos (e.g., la radio) para estar informados sobre el coronavirus, mientras que los más jóvenes prefirieron las redes de carácter más social (e.g., Instagram). Las mujeres más que los varones eligen medios sociales escritos como el WhatsApp, así como la interacción ‘cara a cara’. Los mejores predictores del consumo de medios para informarse sobre la pandemia fueron la respuesta de alerta-focalización y de emocionalidad negativa ante la Covid-19, a mayor alerta y reacción emocional negativa, mayor consumo de medios. Relevantes, pero en menor grado, fueron la edad y el tiempo de confinamiento, de manera que a mayor edad y tiempo de confinamiento menor consumo de medios.Publicación The Bright Side of Abstraction: Abstractness Promoted More Empathic Concern, a More Positive Emotional Climate, and More Humanity-Esteem After the Paris Terrorist Attacks in 2015(Frontiers Media, 2020-11-26) Caballero, Amparo; Sevillano, Verónica; Muñoz, Dolores; Oceja, Luis; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, IciarAntecedents: Previous research on citizens’ reactions after terrorist events has shown that positive reactions can also emerge alongside pain and horror. Positive emotions have been widely associated with an abstract style of thinking. In the context of the Paris terrorist attacks in 2015, we explored Spanish citizens’ positive reactions – empathic concern, positive emotional climate, and esteem for humanity – and examined the relationships of these responses with an abstract (vs. concrete) style of thinking. Method: A longitudinal study was designed involving an online questionnaire that was administered 10 days, 3 weeks, and 2 months after the attacks (N = 253). Results: Empathic concern and personal distress toward Parisians decreased from the weeks following the attacks to 2 months later, with empathic concern always being more intense than personal distress. Emotional climate was perceived as more hostile than positive, although positive feelings persisted. People reported moderately positive esteem for humanity. Individuals with a more abstract style of thinking reported greater empathic concern, a more positive emotional climate, and more esteem for humanity. Conclusions: Our results support and extend previous research showing that abstraction enhances people’s resilience, even under traumatic circumstances such as those surrounding a terrorist attack.Publicación Cambios evolutivos (14-21 años) en los patrones de ingesta puntual de alcohol en exceso y en sus factores explicativos(SAGE Publications, 2014-09-01) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, IciarConocer la evolución de los patrones de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes y jóvenes constituye una información relevante para el diseño de programas de prevención. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de dichos patrones en función de la edad y su papel para explicar dicho comportamiento en el marco de la Teoría de la Conducta Planeada. Trabajando con 273 participantes divididos en tres grupos (estudiantes de 3º de ESO, estudiantes de 4º de ESO y estudiantes universitarios), se constata un aumento con la edad de la frecuencia personal de consumo puntual de alcohol en exceso y una actitud más positiva hacia dicho consumo. Así mismo, los resultados obtenidos al aplicar análisis de ecuaciones estructurales muestran que este comportamiento es explicado por un modelo distinto en cada grupo de edad, de forma que a medida que aumenta la edad de los jóvenes, aumenta el papel de la actitud positiva hacia el comportamiento y del control percibido en la explicación del consumo, disminuyendo el peso de los grupos de referencia. Los resultados también muestran importantes diferencias entre los distintos grupos de edad respecto a los motivos que los jóvenes atribuyen a la realización y no realización de esta conducta.