Persona:
Fernández Sedano, Iciar

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Fernández Sedano
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Iciar
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2012 - 201982020 - 20226
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Mostrando 1 - 10 de 14
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Media consumption for information about Covid-19 during lockdown in Spain: the influence of demographic variables, focus-alertness reaction and emotions
    (Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021-11-01) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Esta investigación analiza cómo el sexo, la edad, la respuesta de alerta-focalización y la reacción emocional ante la pandemia influyeron en el consumo de medios para obtener información de la Covid-19 durante el confinamiento en España. Así, se encuestaron 1,981 participantes durante los dos primeros meses, concretamente desde el 13 de marzo al 12 de mayo de 2020. El 71.3% de la muestra eran mujeres y la edad estaba comprendida entre los 18 y los 72 años (M = 35.37; SD = 12.71). Los resultados mostraron que las personas de más edad se decantan por los medios de comunicación más clásicos (e.g., la radio) para estar informados sobre el coronavirus, mientras que los más jóvenes prefirieron las redes de carácter más social (e.g., Instagram). Las mujeres más que los varones eligen medios sociales escritos como el WhatsApp, así como la interacción ‘cara a cara’. Los mejores predictores del consumo de medios para informarse sobre la pandemia fueron la respuesta de alerta-focalización y de emocionalidad negativa ante la Covid-19, a mayor alerta y reacción emocional negativa, mayor consumo de medios. Relevantes, pero en menor grado, fueron la edad y el tiempo de confinamiento, de manera que a mayor edad y tiempo de confinamiento menor consumo de medios.
  • Miniatura
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    ¡Los deseos importan! Las actitudes deseadas predicen las intenciones de comportamiento en las personas que piensan de modo abstracto: El caso del consumo de alimentos sin sal añadida
    (Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019-05-01) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Introducción. La investigación previa muestra que la coherencia en el nivel de constructo entre el estilo de pensamiento de una persona y los predictores mejoraba la fuerza de las predicciones. Puesto que las actitudes deseadas son más abstractas que las reales, esperábamos que aquellas constituyesen mejores predictores de las intenciones de comportamiento en las personas que tienen un estilo de pensamiento abstracto. Objetivo. Para comprobar el efecto de esta correlación entre las actitudes deseadas y el estilo de pensamiento abstracto, medimos el nivel de constructo en términos de tendencia basal personal. Método. Los participantes (N = 105) informaron sobre su experiencia pasada, sus actitudes deseadas y reales sobre comer alimentos sin sal añadida y sus intenciones de comportamiento. Para clasificar a los participantes en un estilo de pensamiento abstracto o concreto, se codificó su primer pensamiento aplicando el modelo de categoría lingüística (LCM). Resultados. El análisis de pendientes simples (simple slopes) reveló un efecto significativo de las actitudes deseadas sobre las intenciones de comportamiento en los participantes con un estilo de pensamiento abstracto. Conclusión. Nuestros resultados corroboran la relevancia de las actitudes deseadas en relación con las predicciones de comportamiento y amplían el papel del nivel de constructo en la predicción y promoción de un comportamiento deseable pero exigente en el marco de las diferencias individuales.
  • Miniatura
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    Disentangling Emotions during the Coronavirus Outbreak in Spain: Inner Emotions, Descriptive Feeling Rules and Socioemotional Conventions
    (Cambridge University Press, 2022-03-09) Caballero, Amparo; Villar, Sergio; Sevillano, Verónica; Gavilán, Pablo; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    For constructionism, language is the link among different levels of analysis of emotional events, from individual to interpersonal and macrosocial. The interaction among these emotional levels allows us to construe an emotional episode and label it with an emotion word, coordinate with the emotions perceived in others, and represent events as a society. Across two studies, we found similarities and differences among inner emotions experienced (individual level), emotions perceived in others (descriptive feeling rules, interpersonal level) and emotions shared on the internet (socioemotional conventions, macro- social level), with all these emotional targets focused on the COVID–19 outbreak. The results indicate a similarity between the emotional meaning of COVID–19 in society and the descriptive feeling rules, whereas the reported inner emotions were clearly distinct: Joy was irrelevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels but clearly important at the individual level. A mismatch also appeared for fear and hope. While fear was the most predominant emotion at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels during most of the phases, it was moderately predominant at the individual level. Hope followed the opposite pattern, being the most relevant emotion at the individual level but less relevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels. Each level might have different consequences: Mixed emotions at the individual level might promote resilience; fear perceived in other people might motivate protective behaviors; and sadness socially shared during Christmas might generate greater empathy. These results support the complexity of emotional concepts and the suitability of exploring them at different levels of analysis
  • Miniatura
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    Health or wealth? The influence of perceived health and wealth threats and style of thinking on protective behaviours and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
    (Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-12-12) Carrera, Pilar; Aguilar, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    En este estudio se explora la influencia que ejercen el estilo de pensamiento y la percepción de amenazas a la salud y a la riqueza en las conductas de protección y en el bienestar de las personas en el contexto de la primera ola de COVID-19 en España. Anticipábamos que un estilo de pensamiento abstracto (frente a uno concreto) estaría relacionado con una mayor adopción de comportamientos de protección y con una sensación de bienestar más alta. Exploramos estas relaciones mediante un cuestionario en línea (N = 1,043) y hallamos que una percepción de mayor gravedad en las amenazas contra la salud y la riqueza y un nivel más elevado de abstracción estaban vinculados con más conductas de protección. Un resultado relevante fue encontrar que, cuando los participantes no se sentían amenazados en exceso, quienes presentaban un pensamiento abstracto mostraban comportamientos más protectores. Por lo que se refiere al bienestar, cuando las personas percibían amenazas más graves, quienes tenían un estilo de pensamiento abstracto expresaban mayor nivel de bienestar. En el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, nuestra investigación corrobora la idea de que el estilo de pensamiento abstracto es un factor de protección frente a la adversidad, puesto que está relacionado con conductas de protección y con un mayor nivel de bienestar percibido, incluso cuando las personas perciben amenazas graves a su salud y su riqueza.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Abstractness leads people to base their behavioral intentions on desired attitudes
    (Elsevier, 2017) Carrera, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    People sometimes want attitudes that differ from the ones they currently possess. These desired attitudes appear to be psychologically meaningful, but little is known about the properties of these evaluations. Because desired attitudes are hypothetical constructs (i.e., attitudes that one does not yet possess) and are distant in time (i.e., attitudes one could have in the future), we argued, based on construal level theory, that they should be represented in a relatively abstract manner, and consequently, we examined the implications of this abstractness for the characteristics and impact of desired attitudes. Consistent with this, we demonstrate that people perceive desired attitudes as more invariant across time and context, that desired attitudes are less impacted by changes in low-level features related to the attitude object (Study 1a and 1b) and that desired attitudes have a greater impact on behavioral intentions when people are in an abstract rather than concrete mindset (Studies 2–3). Although we did not make specific predictions regarding actual attitudes, they better predicted behavioral intentions in the concrete mindset (Studies 2–3). This last result should be taken with caution, considering that the level of abstraction shown by actual attitudes in Study 1a was at or slightly above the midpoint of our abstraction index.
  • Miniatura
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    The Relationships between Economic Scarcity, Concrete Mindset and Risk Behavior: A Study of Nicaraguan Adolescents
    (MDPI, 2020-05-28) Aguilar, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Sevillano, Verónica; Muño, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar::virtual::3448::600; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Background: Nicaragua is one of the poorest countries in Latin America, with an extremely low human development index (HDI). Fifty-two percent of the Nicaraguan population are children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Nicaraguan adolescents present several risk behaviors (such as teenage pregnancies, consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis). Our study examines the links between risk behaviors, fatalism, real economic scarcity, and concrete construal level for adolescents with low and middle-low socioeconomic status in Nicaragua. Methods: Nicaraguan adolescents (N = 834) from schools located in especially vulnerable areas (low economic status) or in neighborhoods with middle-low social class completed several scales and questions to evaluate fatalism (SFC—social fatalism scale), construal level (BIF) and their past and future risk behaviors (smoking cigarettes, smoking cannabis, unsafe sex, and alcohol consumption). Results: We identified that the poorest individuals who maintained a concrete style of thinking had the highest rates of past and future risk behaviors. This vulnerable group also reported the highest levels of fatalism, i.e., negative attitudes and feelings of helplessness. Encouragingly, the adolescents who were able to maintain an abstract mindset reported healthier past and future habits and lower fatalism, even when they belonged to the lowest social status. In the middle-low economic group, the construal level was not as relevant to maintaining healthy habits, as adolescents reported similar rates of past and future risk behavior at both construal levels. Conclusions: All these results support the importance of considering construal level when studying vulnerable populations and designing risk prevention programs
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being
    (Wiley, 2022-07-11) Caballero, Amparo; Aguilar, Pilar; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    In the present research, we examined the links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being and their roles in predicting protective behaviors against COVID-19. Study 1 (N = 120) revealed that after an experimental manipulation to induce the perception of relative financial scarcity (versus financial abundance), people who perceived higher relative financial scarcity changed their thinking style to a more concrete mindset. In Study 2 (N = 873), the relative financial abundance–scarcity situation was measured, and the results showed that the greater the perceived relative financial scarcity was, the more concrete the mindset and the lower the sense of well-being. Impor- tantly, we found that individuals who felt poorer but maintained an abstract thinking style reported higher well-being. Study 3 (N = 501) examined the influence of a concrete thinking style in people who perceived that their economic situation had worsened with the pandemic. The results showed that when this vulnerable population presented a more concrete mindset, they reported lower well-being, higher fatalism, and lower protective behavior against COVID-19. Thus, maintaining an abstract mindset promotes higher well-being, lower fatalism, and greater protective behaviors against COVID-19, even under economic difficulties. Because thinking style can be modified, our results encourage the development of new social intervention programs to promote an abstract mindset when people face important challenges.
  • Miniatura
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    The Bright Side of Abstraction: Abstractness Promoted More Empathic Concern, a More Positive Emotional Climate, and More Humanity-Esteem After the Paris Terrorist Attacks in 2015
    (Frontiers Media, 2020-11-26) Caballero, Amparo; Sevillano, Verónica; Muñoz, Dolores; Oceja, Luis; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Antecedents: Previous research on citizens’ reactions after terrorist events has shown that positive reactions can also emerge alongside pain and horror. Positive emotions have been widely associated with an abstract style of thinking. In the context of the Paris terrorist attacks in 2015, we explored Spanish citizens’ positive reactions – empathic concern, positive emotional climate, and esteem for humanity – and examined the relationships of these responses with an abstract (vs. concrete) style of thinking. Method: A longitudinal study was designed involving an online questionnaire that was administered 10 days, 3 weeks, and 2 months after the attacks (N = 253). Results: Empathic concern and personal distress toward Parisians decreased from the weeks following the attacks to 2 months later, with empathic concern always being more intense than personal distress. Emotional climate was perceived as more hostile than positive, although positive feelings persisted. People reported moderately positive esteem for humanity. Individuals with a more abstract style of thinking reported greater empathic concern, a more positive emotional climate, and more esteem for humanity. Conclusions: Our results support and extend previous research showing that abstraction enhances people’s resilience, even under traumatic circumstances such as those surrounding a terrorist attack.
  • Miniatura
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    How verb tense affects the construal of action: The simple past tense leads people into an abstract mindset
    (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2014) Carrera, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Caballero, Amparo; Albarracín, Dolores; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Two experiments examined the influence of verb tense on how abstractly people construe action representations. Experiment 1 revealed that written descriptions of several daily events using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense) resulted in actions and the action’s target being seen as less likely and less familiar, respectively. In Experiment 2 participants wrote about a personal episode of binge drinking (using the simple past tense vs. simple present tense), and the resulting narratives were coded using the Linguistic Category Model (see Semin & Fiedler, 1991). Results revealed that events were described at a more abstract level when texts were written using the simple past tense (vs. simple present tense). The results are discussed in the context of other effects of verb form and in relation to construal level of events.
  • Miniatura
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    Abstract Construal Level and its Link to Self-Control and to Cross-Situational Consistency in Self-Concept: Predicting Health-Risk Behavioral Intentions
    (Cambridge University Press, 2018) Caballero, Amparo; Muñoz, Dolores; Aguilar, Pilar; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    From a dispositional perspective, we extend the action identification theory (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987) and construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003) to cross-situational consistency of self and self-control. Two studies examined the relationships among the abstract mindset (Vallacher & Wegner, 1989), cross-situational consistency in self-concept (Vignoles et al., 2016), and self-control (Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone 2004). In Study 1, participants (N = 725) characterized by high cross-situational consistency showed more abstraction in their thinking (p < .001, ηp2 = .17). In Study 2 (N = 244) cross-situational consistency and self-control explained 10% of construal level, with self-control being a significant predictor (p < .001). Construal level and cross-situational consistency explained 17% of self-control; both were significant predictors (p < .001). Self-control explained 8% of cross-situational consistency (p < .001). Study 2 showed that participants with higher levels of abstraction, cross-situational consistency, and self-control reported a greater intention to control their future sugar intake (p < .001). Data supported relationships among abstract construal level, cross-situational consistency and self-control.