Persona: Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo
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Pellón Suárez de Puga
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Publicación Environmental enrichment accelerates the acquisition of schedule-induced drinking in rats(Elsevier, 2023-09-15) Fuentes Verdugo, Esmeralda; López Tolsa Gómez, Gabriela Eugenia; García Pascual, Raquel; Pellón Suárez de Puga, RicardoEnvironmental enrichment (EE) provides an improvement in the housing conditions of experimental animals, such as laboratory rats, with greater physical and social stimulation through toys and company in the home cages. Its use is known to influence performance of experimental protocols, but these effects have not been well determined in the schedule-induced drinking (SID) procedure. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of EE on the acquisition of SID in 24 12-week-old male Wistar rats, divided into two groups, a group with EE housed with toys and companions, and a group without enrichment in individual housing conditions without toys (social isolation and no environmental enrichment, INEE). A total of 25 sessions, under a fixed time 30 s food reinforcement schedule and with access to water in the experimental chambers were carried out. Sessions lasted 30 min. The results showed that the EE group developed faster the excessive drinking pattern of SID, and drank to higher levels, than the INEE group. The greater development of SID in the EE group contradicts the view of schedule-induced behavior as linked to stress reduction and better suits with the conception of induction related to positive reinforcement.Publicación The irrelevancy of the inter-trial interval on delay-discounting experiments on an animal model of ADHD(Elsevier, 2021-06-25) SjØberg, Espen .A.; Johansen, Espen Borgå; Ramos Villaverde, Sergio; López Tolsa Gómez, Gabriela Eugenia; Pellón Suárez de Puga, RicardoDelay discounting involves choosing between a small, immediate reward, and a larger but delayed one. As the delay between choice and large reward gets longer, people with ADHD tend to become impulsive faster than controls, indicated by a switch in preference from the large to the smaller reward. Choosing the smaller reward when the larger is considered reward maximizing is labeled impulsive behaviour. It is well documented that increased delays between choice and reward affects choice preference in both humans and other animals. Other variables such as the inter-trial interval or trial length are observed to have an effect on human discounting, but their effect on discounting in other animals is largely assumed rather than tested. In the current experiment, we tested this assumption. One group of rats was exposed to increasing delays between choosing the large reward and receiving it, while another group experienced longer inter-trial intervals that were equal in length to the delays in the other group. This ensured that trial length was controlled for in delay discounting, but that the delay function and inter-trial intervals could be manipulated and measured separately. Results showed that while the delay between choice and reward caused impulsive behaviour in rats, the length of the inter-trial interval (and by extension trial length) had no impact on choice behaviour. A follow-up experiment found this to be the case even if the length of the inter-trial interval was signaled with audio cues. These results suggest that rats, and possibly animals in general, are insensitive to time between trials, and therefore cannot easily represent human counterparts on the task.Publicación Exercise, diet, and the reinforcing value of food in an animal model of anorexia nervosa(SAGE, 2019) Paz Regidor, Ana María de; Vidal García, Pedro; Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo; SAGEActivity-based anorexia (ABA) develops when laboratory rats are subjected to a single meal per day and have access to an activity wheel for the remaining time. Here, we studied the contribution of exercise and diet to the reinforcing value of food during ABA development. Three groups of eight adult male Wistar rats were used: an ABA group with 21.5 hr (then 22 hr) of wheel access and 1 hr (then 30 min) of food access, a control group with the same time exposure to food but without exercise, and a yoked group to the ABA in terms of weight loss. Rats were daily tested on a progressiveratio schedule to measure their motivation for food. ABA rats gradually reduced their body weight more than the food control group. Animals steadily increased their breaking points in parallel to losses in body weight, but no significant differences were found between groups. Adult rats can develop ABA, but their loss in weight neither resulted in a decrease of food intake nor in the motivation to obtain it.Publicación Chronic ∆-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol administration delays acquisition of schedule-induced drinking in rats and retains long-lasting effects(Springer, 2021-08-26) Fuentes Verdugo, Esmeralda; López Tolsa Gómez, Gabriela Eugenia; Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo; Miguens Vázquez, MiguelRationale: Schedule-induced drinking (SID) is a behavioural phenomenon characterized by an excessive and repetitive drinking pattern with a distinctive temporal distribution that has been proposed as a robust and replicable animal model of compulsivity. Despite cannabis currently being the most widely consumed illicit drug, with growing interest in its clinical applications, little is known about the effects of ∆-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on SID. Objectives: The effects of chronic and acute THC administration on SID acquisition, maintenance and extinction were studied, as were the effects of such administrations on the distinctive temporal distribution pattern of SID. Methods: THC (5 mg/kg i.p.), or the corresponding vehicle, was administered to adult Wistar rats for 14 days in a row. Subsequently, THC effects on SID acquisition were tested during 21 sessions using a 1h fixed-time 60-s food delivery schedule. Acute effects of THC were also evaluated after SID development. Finally, two extinction sessions were conducted to assess behavioural persistence. Results: The results showed that previous chronic THC treatment delayed SID acquisition and altered the distinctive behavioural temporal distribution pattern during sessions. Moreover, acute THC administration after SID development decreased SID performance in animals chronically pre-treated with the drug. No great persistence effects were observed during extinction in animals pre-treated with THC. Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic THC affects SID development, confirming that it can disrupt learning, possibly causing alterations in time estimation, and also leads to animals being sensitized when they are re-exposed to the drug after long periods without drug exposure.Publicación Activity-Based Anorexia(Springer, 2020) Paz Regidor, Ana María de; Vidal García, Pedro; Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo; SpringerPublicación Assessment of the “timing” function of schedule-induced behavior on fixed-interval performance.(American Psychological Association, 2021) López Tolsa Gómez, Gabriela Eugenia; Pellón Suárez de Puga, RicardoIt has been suggested that schedule-induced behaviors allow organisms to adapt better to temporal regularities of the environment. The main goal of the present study was to observe the effect of scheduleinduced drinking (SID) on the performance in fixed-interval (FI) schedules. Rats were exposed to a FI 15-, 30-, or 60-s food reinforcement schedule, and only half of them had access to water in the experimental chamber. Rats with access to water developed SID, which occurred in the first part of the interval, regardless of the FI value, and was followed by an increase in lever pressing rate. There were no substantial differences in the quantitative measures of timing between groups that had or did not have access to water, except for the rats in the FI 15-s group with access to water, who showed longer postreinforcement pauses, possibly attributable to competition between SID and lever pressing. SID did not manifest the scalar property, contrary to lever pressing, but it is proposed that behaviors are displayed serially until the last behavior before the target operant response becomes a discriminative stimulus for that behavior. It is not assumed that the purpose of schedule-induced behaviors is to aid timing, but the development of behavioral patterns might determine the performance of organisms on temporal tasks. Additionally, in some cases competition between responses might exert more control on when the operant behavior occurs than timing. Timing seems to consist in the temporal organization of available behaviors that leads to a specific behavior occurring at a specified time, a single characteristic that typically had come to indicate accurate timing.Publicación Activity-Based Anorexia and Food Schedule Induction(Springer, 2018-05-30) Labajos López, María José; Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo; Preedy, Victor; Patel, Vinood B.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-6566The term activity-based anorexia refers to the animal model of anorexia nervosa in humans, by which laboratory rats lose weight rapidly and progressively when submitted to a food access regime of 1 h a day and free access to an activity wheel the remainder of the time. This combination of diet and exercise eventually leads the animals into a process of self-starvation that can end up in their death, a reason by which activity-based anorexia is considered analogous of anorexia nervosa in humans, a disease that combines self-imposed food restriction with an excessive increase in physical activity. The best-studied example of schedule-induced behavior is the excessive ingestion of water in animals that are food deprived and for whom the food episodes occur intermittently. Schedule-induced polydipsia is characterized by the consumption of water around the feeding episodes, similarly to what is seen with activity in the phenomenon of activity-based anorexia. The study presented supports the relationship between both phenomena, so that the initial development of excessive drinking facilitates the subsequent development of wheel running. It is suggested that the imposition of very strict feeding episodes could play an important role during the initial stages of the development of anorexia, facilitating the development of hyperactivity that could end up interfering with food ingestion. Prevention for the development of anorexia should focus on a more efficient control of food regimes rather than limiting physical exercise. The adequate scheduling of feeding episodes should reduce hyperactivity, as it follows from its conception as induced behavior.Publicación Temporal distribution of schedule-induced behavior depends on the essential value of the reinforcer(Wiley, 2025) Martínez Herrada, Antonio; Pellón Suárez de Puga, Ricardo; López Tolsa Gómez, Gabriela EugeniaThe development of schedule-induced drinking depends on different variables affecting the food delivered at the end of the interfood interval. There are mixed results concerning the effects of varying magnitude and/or preference of different reinforcers in the development of schedule-induced drinking, with some studies showing higher levels and other studies showing lower levels of drinking. The purpose of this study was to observe how differences in preference for a flavor of equally nutritious food pellets influence the development and maintenance of schedule-induced drinking. Using the operant demand framework, four flavors of food pellets were compared to form two groups: one in which subjects would receive their most preferred flavor and another in which subjects would receive their least preferred flavor. In general, licking rates were lower and magazine-entering rates were higher when the preferred flavor was delivered regardless of the fixed-time schedule used. It is suggested that the value of the reinforcer has a larger influence on the immediately preceding behaviors, which will determine the distribution of competing responses in the interreinforcement intervals. These results are relevant to developing public policies that manipulate the taste of healthy food to increase its consumption.Publicación Mutual facilitation between activity-based anorexia and schedule-induced polydipsia in rats(Springer, 2023-01-05) Labajos López, María José; Calcagni, Gianluca; Pellón Suárez de Puga, RicardoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between drinking (licks) in the schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) phenomenon and running (turns in the wheel) in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) one. Within-subjects counterbalanced experiments were designed with male Wistar rats which underwent both behavioral procedures; half of them performed the ABA procedure frst and the other half the SIP procedure frst. In Experiment 1, the initial development of ABA facilitated the subsequent acquisition of SIP, whereas the frst acquisition of SIP retarded the subsequent development of ABA. Given that SIP exposure implied food restriction, it could be that adaptation to the food regime contributed to lowering ABA manifestation. Thus, Experiment 2 was carried out in exactly the same way as Experiment 1, with the exception that animals which frst went through SIP prior to undergoing the ABA procedure had no food restriction. In this case, both ABA and SIP as frst experiences facilitated the further development of SIP and ABA, respectively. This suggests that running in ABA may be functionally similar to drinking in SIP; therefore, both behaviors can be thought of as induced by the schedule/regime of intermittent food availability.Publicación La anorexia nerviosa vista desde los modelos de conducta animal(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 2023-12-14) Paz Regidor, Ana María de; Pellón Suárez de Puga, RicardoEl modelo de anorexia basada en actividad (ABA) es una herramienta privilegiada investigación de la anorexia nerviosa (AN) con un análogo animal de laboratorio. A raíz del auge de las neurociencias, su utilización como herramienta para tratar de esclarecer los posibles factores desencadenantes y de susceptibilidad del trastorno, se ha extendido profusamente hacia áreas biomédicas, trasladando el nivel de explicación a los mecanismos fisiológicos y neurobiológicos involucrados en el proceso. Sin embargo, esto no se ha traducido en un consenso generalizado sobre las causas de la AN, ni en los enfoques terapéuticos y farmacológicos más efectivos para su tratamiento. Quizás sea prudente ahora dar un paso atrás y reflexionar sobre la propia validez y pertinencia del modelo, preguntándose qué es lo que modeliza. En esta suerte de vuelta a los orígenes, se pone el foco en la manipulación de la entrega de comida, el acceso a la actividad y las condiciones del ambiente externo e interno de los animales. Se revitaliza igualmente el enfoque teórico que destaca la funcionalidad de las conductas observadas en ABA en el marco amplio de las conductas inducidas por la ocurrencia intermitente de eventos reforzantes.