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Pinos Sánchez, María Elena

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0000-0002-5323-6602
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Pinos Sánchez
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María Elena
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20213
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Fecha de finalización: 2021 × Fecha de inicio: 2020 ×

Resultados de la búsqueda

Mostrando 1 - 3 de 3
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Relationship between autism spectrum disorder and pesticides: A systematic review of human and preclinical models
    (MDPI, 2021-05-03) Biosca Brull, Judit; Pérez Fernández, Cristian; Mora, Santiago; Carrillo Urbano, Beatriz; Pinos Sánchez, María Elena; Maria Conejo, Nelida; Collado Guirao, Paloma; Arias, Jorge L.; Martín Sánchez, Fernando; Sánchez Santed, Fernando; Colomina, Maria Teresa
    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex set of neurodevelopmental pathologies characterized by impoverished social and communicative abilities and stereotyped behaviors. Although its genetic basis is unquestionable, the involvement of environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides has also been proposed. Despite the systematic analyses of this relationship in humans, there are no specific reviews including both human and preclinical models. The present systematic review summarizes, analyzes, and discusses recent advances in preclinical and epidemiological studies. We included 45 human and 16 preclinical studies. These studies focused on Organophosphates (OP), Organochlorine (OC), Pyrethroid (PT), Neonicotinoid (NN), Carbamate (CM), and mixed exposures. Preclinical studies, where the OP Chlorpyrifos (CPF) compound is the one most studied, pointed to an association between gestational exposure and increased ASD-like behaviors, although the data are inconclusive with regard to other ages or pesticides. Studies in humans focused on prenatal exposure to OP and OC agents, and report cognitive and behavioral alterations related to ASD symptomatology. The results of both suggest that gestational exposure to certain OP agents could be linked to the clinical signs of ASD. Future experimental studies should focus on extending the analysis of ASD-like behaviors in preclinical models and include exposure patterns similar to those observed in human studies.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    G protein-coupled estrogen receptor immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus is widely distributed in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, fluctuates during the estrous cycle and is sexually dimorphic
    (Karger International, 2021-06-29) Marraudino, Marilena; Carrillo Urbano, Beatriz; Bonaldo, Brigitta; Llorente, Ricardo; Campioli, Elia; Garate, Iciar; Pinos Sánchez, María Elena; Garcia Segura, Luis; Collado Guirao, Paloma; Grassi, Daniela
    Introduction: The membrane-associated G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) mediates the regulation by estradiol of arginine-vasopressin immunoreactivity in the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei of female rats and is involved in the estrogenic control of hypothalamic regulated functions, such as food intake, sexual receptivity, and lordosis behavior. Objective: To assess GPER distribution in the rat hypothalamus. Methods: GPER immunoreactivity was assessed in different anatomical subdivisions of five selected hypothalamic regions of young adult male and cycling female rats: the arcuate nucleus, the lateral hypothalamus, the paraventricular nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. GPER immunoreactivity was colocalized with NeuN as a marker of mature neurons, GFAP as a marker of astrocytes, and CC1 as a marker of mature oligodendrocytes. Results: GPER immunoreactivity was detected in hypothalamic neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Sex and regional differences and changes during the estrous cycle were detected in the total number of GPER-immunoreactive cells and in the proportion of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes that were GPER-immunoreactive. Conclusions: These findings suggest that estrogenic regulation of hypothalamic function through GPER may be different in males and females and may fluctuate during the estrous cycle in females.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Relationship between prenatal or postnatal exposure to pesticides and obesity: a systematic review
    (MDPI, 2021-07-04) Pinos Sánchez, María Elena; Carrillo Urbano, Beatriz; Merchán, Ana; Biosca Brull, Judit; Pérez Fernández, Cristian; Colomina, María Teresa; Sánchez Santed, Fernando; Martín Sánchez, Fernando; Collado Guirao, Paloma; Arias, Jorge L.; Conejo, Nélida M.
    In recent years, the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults and children has dramatically increased. The conventional model regarding the onset of obesity is based on an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, other possible environmental factors involved, such as the exposure to chemicals like pesticides, cannot be discarded. These compounds could act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) that may interfere with hormone activity related to several mechanisms involved in body weight control. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the data provided in the scientific literature for a possible association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and obesity in offspring. A total of 25 human and 9 animal studies were analyzed. The prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposure to organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and carbamate, as well as a combined pesticide exposure was reviewed. This systematic review reveals that the effects of pesticide exposure on body weight are mostly inconclusive, finding conflicting results in both humans and experimental animals. The outcomes reviewed are dependent on many factors, including dosage and route of administration, species, sex, and treatment duration. More research is needed to effectively evaluate the impact of the combined effects of different pesticides on human health.