Persona: Herrero Alcalde, Ana
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0000-0002-9594-1967
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Herrero Alcalde
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Publicación Design of a chatbot as a distance learning assistant(International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE), 2020) Tamayo Lorenzo, Pedro Antonio; Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Martín Román, Javier; Navarro Ruiz, Carolina; Tránchez Martín, José ManuelWithin the process of progressive digitization of materials and tools for teaching and distance learning of a subject of introduction to Microeconomics (quarterly, in year three of the Degree in Social Work), taught by the authors at the National University of Distance Education (UNED), a virtual assistant in the form of chatbot, or conversational robot, called EconBot, has been designed and made available to students from 2017. This paper presents the reasons that led to its adoption, the process of its development, differentiating two phases, its characteristics and functions, the assessment of its usefulness and the role of teachers in the implementation of this type of technological innovation.Publicación Fiscal rules to the test: The impact of the Spanish expenditure rule(Elsevier, 2024) Moral Arce, Ignacio; Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Martín Román, JavierDespite the large spread of fiscal rules around the world, there is still not enough evidence of their effectiveness in ensuring fiscal sustainability. Furthermore, there is little evidence of the impact of expenditure rules in countries’ fiscal performance. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Spanish expenditure rule that has been in force since 2012 in controlling the growth of public expenditure. We use a synthetic control methodology to analyze the impact of the rule on the evolution of current and primary expenditure within Spanish public administrations (2001–2018), avoiding the potential endogeneity problems of traditional econometric approaches. Overall, we find that the expenditure rule has largely improved budget sustainability by limiting both current and primary expenditure. These results are robust to different levels of government.Publicación Fiscal consolidation and voting: on the electoral costs of budgetary stability(Wiley, 2024-05-08) Lago Peñas, Santiago; Cadaval Sampedro, María; Herrero Alcalde, AnaIn this paper, we analyse the potential impact of policies aimed at fostering fiscal sustainability on citizens’ preferences. A survey specifically designed for this purpose quantifies citizens’ knowledge and concern about fiscal imbalances and the institutional framework that addresses them in Spain, and their possible electoral reactions to public spending cuts and tax increases. Using both ordered and unordered multinomial probit models, we corroborate that citizens tend to disapprove of retrenchment policies. However, the effect on citizens’ voting intentions varies depending on their political ideology. We confirm that left-wing voters supporting the incumbent coalition parties prefer austerity policies based on the revenue side of the budget, while right-wing voters tend to approve retrenchments based on the expenditure side to a larger extent.Publicación El sistema de financiación autonómica y la financiación de la sanidad descentralizada(Publicación del Instituto Mixto de Investigación Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMI-EMS), de la UNED y el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 2023) Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Tamayo Lorenzo, Pedro AntonioEl objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una panorámica general sobre el diseño y funcionamiento de los principales instrumentos que financian las políticas públicas gestionadas por las comunidades autónomas. Para ello, primero se hará una breve aproximación teórica a las razones por las que un suministro descentralizado de los servicios puede, en determinadas circunstancias, generar un mayor bienestar de los ciudadanos, frente a una provisión centralizada. A continuación, entrando en el análisis del proceso de descentralización fiscal español, se presentarán los principios básicos a los que deben responder los sistemas de financiación autonómica. Además, se analizarán los principales instrumentos que conforman los modelos de financiación común y foral, así como los resultados más destacables generados por aquellos. Por su enorme importancia cuantitativa y cualitativa en las finanzas autonómicas de la última década, también se hará una breve referencia al diseño y funcionamiento de los fondos extraordinarios de liquidez. En la última sección se destacarán las principales cuestiones pendientes de nuestro modelo de financiación territorial.Publicación Does Decentralization Affect the Size of Public Intervention? Evidence from Anti-Covid Public Policies(Oxford University Press, 2025-04-18) Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Martín Román, Javier; Moral-Arce, Ignacio; Unión EuropeaAlthough the impact of decentralization on public sector size has been extensively studied, little attention has been given to how this relationship unfolds during extreme events. Does decentralization amplify or constrain government intervention in times of crisis? This article addresses this gap by examining how different dimensions of decentralization influenced the size of fiscal measures adopted by thirty-one European countries in response to the crunch of the Covid-19 pandemic. Using data from the Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker, we find that subnational expenditure and several dimensions of regional power constrain public intervention during crises. On the contrary, and although subnational taxing powers appear to have no significant effect, greater subnational borrowing autonomy is associated with larger policy responses.Publicación Understanding citizens’ knowledge and preferences for fiscal equalization in decentralized countries(Taylor and Francis Group, 2025-09-01) Lago-Peñas, Santiago; Cadaval-Sampedro, María; Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Fernández-Leiceaga, Xoaquín; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. EspañaThis paper examines citizens' knowledge about the design and outcomes of regional fiscal equalization in Spain and identifies the factors explaining citizens' preferences regarding the degree of equalization. We find deficient information and a lack of a well-informed and unequivocal opinion. The paper also highlights the complexity of citizens' preferences regarding interregional redistribution, influenced by factors such as regional per capita income and collective identity. These findings are not only relevant for Spain but also provide valuable insights for other nations undergoing decentralization processes, emphasizing the importance of early and comprehensive discussions to avoid future challenges and conflicts.Publicación Welfare benefits in highly decentralized fiscal systems: Evidence on interregional mimicking(Elsevier, 2024-01-10) Ayala Cañón, Luis; Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Martinez‐Vazquez, Jorge; Instituto de Estudios Fiscales. España; Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. EspañaThis paper analyzes the determinants of welfare benefit levels within a highly fiscally decentralized context. More specifically, we analyze the role of mimicking as a driver of the institutional design of subnational government policies in the absence of federal co-ordination and financing. Empirically we focus on the welfare benefit programs of Spanish regional governments during the period 1996-2015. Our results strongly support the significant role played by mimicking: regional public agents observe what their peers are doing and act accordingly, and this holds even in a context of low mobility of households.Publicación Extreme Events and the Resilience of Decentralized Governance(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-09-27) Cadaval-Sampedro, María; Herrero Alcalde, Ana; Lago-Peñas, Santiago; Martinez-Vazquez, JorgeExtreme events, such as economic crises, natural disasters, or military conflicts, can affect the balance between centralization and decentralization forces across countries and transform, temporarily or more permanently, the design of multilevel governance. Using a panel for 91 developing and developed countries from 1960 to 2018, and another one for OECD countries between 1995-2018, we examine the effects of extreme external shocks on the decentralization level. We find that armed conflicts boost decentralization, while natural disasters reduce it only in non-OECD countries, with long lasting effects in both cases. Economic recessions do not have significant effects on the level of decentralization, except for the lasting effects on expenditure recentralization in OECD countries.