Persona:
San Martín González, Enrique

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0000-0002-0429-4734
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San Martín González
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Enrique
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2020 - 20222
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Autor: Paredes Gázquez, Juan Diego × Fecha de inicio: 2011 ×

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Mostrando 1 - 2 de 2
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The European Union and the Good Governance of Energy Resources: Practicing What It Preaches?
    (Elsevier, 2020) Escribano Francés, Gonzalo; Paredes Gázquez, Juan Diego; San Martín González, Enrique
    The good governance of energy resources and its role in the development of oil and gas producing countries is an area of growing interest in the global agenda. The European Union (EU), as an actor that has the double condition of being a major importer of oil and gas as well as a so-called “normative power”, promotes the development of resource governance standards in the Global South. This article analyzes the role of the EU in improving the governance of energy resources, not only from an institutional perspective but also regarding the practical implications that such a normative approach has on European oil and gas import patterns. The paper explores whether EU’s oil and gas imports have been affected by the policies of improving transparency and good resource governance in the oil and gas extractive sector, or if these policies have been ineffective in shaping their geographical origin. It tries to address empirically the link between the level of resource governance in oil and gas exporting countries and the EU’s oil and gas geographical import pattern.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    What is behind the gender gap in economics distance education: Age, work-life balance andCOVID-19
    (Public Library of Science, 2022-08-08) Castellanos Serrano, Cristina; Escribano Francés, Gonzalo; Paredes Gázquez, Juan Diego; San Martín González, Enrique; Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Transferencia del Conocimiento y Difusión Científica. UNED; Departamento de Economía Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. UNED
    There is an ongoing debate about whether gender equality in education has been achieved or not. Research efforts have focused on primary and secondary education, while there are fewer studies on higher education, and few studies refer to distance education. To contribute to address this gap, this article presents a gender analysis of educational outcomes in economics at Spain’s leading distance university, UNED, which is also the largest university in the European Union in terms of enrolment. The aim of the article is to assess whether there is a gender gap in academic results and to identify the sociodemographic and academic variables that may be causing such a gap by analysing how they shape such differences. Finally, the impact of COVID-19 is also considered. The results confirm that women underperformed significantly in our sample in terms of passing and scoring, especially among those between 30 and 45 years of age, who are more likely to have young children. When considering a distribution of family tasks biased against women, along with the higher average age of distance learning university students, gender gaps could probably be greater in nonface-to-face education. COVID-19 narrowed the gender gap during the lockdown period, as some men and women staying at home together were able to improve task sharing capabilities. After the lockdown, however, women’s results worsened compared to pre-COVID-19 levels. A possible explanation is that they had to continue performing the same family duties in addition to substituting education and caring services (e.g., nurseries and day centres for the elderly) that did not resume activity immediately or continuously.