Persona: González Gaya, Cristina
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González Gaya
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Publicación Removable, Reconfigurable, and Sustainable Steel Structures: A State-of-the-Art Review of Clamp-Based Steel Connections(MDPI, 2023-05-10) Cabaleiro, Manuel; Conde, Borja; Barros, Brais; González Gaya, CristinaIn this review paper, first of all, an analysis of the circular economy and its application to steel structures is carried out. It highlights the need to apply the philosophy of Design for Deconstruction or Design for Disassembly (DfD) from the conception of the structure so that it can be truly reconfigurable. Then, a brief review of the different types of connections for steel structures is conducted, comparing the level of research and development of each of them and the degree of reconfiguration that is possible to obtain. Subsequently, the article focuses on the type of connection using clamps, a key point of this work and on which, to date, there are no state-of-the- art studies. It describes the types of clamps, their principle of operation, the types of connections developed with them, and the results of the different investigations that allow for calculating these types of connections. A summary is also given of how these connection types work according to the geometrical characteristics of the clamp and the bolt so that this review work can serve as a driver for the widespread use of clamp-based connections by researchers and engineers in the design and manufacturing of demountable and reconfigurable steel structures. Finally, some conclusions are given, indicating the advantages and disadvantages of this connection system and future lines of research.Publicación Investigating the effectiveness of a new indoor ventilation model in reducing the spread of disease: A case of sports centres amid the COVID-19 pandemic(Elsevier, 2024) Ballesteros Álvarez, J.M.; Romero Barriuso, Álvaro; Rodríguez Sáiz, Ángel.; González Gaya, Cristina; Villena Escribano, Blasa MaríaThe ventilation of buildings is crucial to ensure indoor health, especially when demanding physical activities are carried out indoors, and the pandemic has highlighted the need to develop new management methods to ensure adequate ventilation. In Spain, there are no specific ventilation regulations to prevent the spread of pathogens such as the coronavirus. Therefore, it is necessary to have a theoretical tool for calculating occupancy to maintain sports facilities in optimal safety conditions. The proposed theoretical method is based on the analysis of mathematical expressions from European standardisation documents and uses the concentration of CO2 as a bioeffluent. It is also based on the concept of background and critical concentration, which allows its application to be extrapolated to future crises caused by pathogens. This study presents a unique and novel dataset for sports centres. For this purpose, the calculation methods were applied to the data set provided by Mostoles City Council, Spain, during the pandemic years with the highest incidence of COVID-19, when the government introduced the assimilation of COVID-19 sick leave to occupational accidents. The data on this type of sick leave provided by the City Council correspond to the period between March 2020 and February 2022. Similarly, the data on the average use of sports facilities by activity, provided by the Sports Department, correspond to the years 2020 and 2021. In this way, it was possible to verify the effectiveness in preventing the spread of any type of coronavirus. In conclusion, the implementation of a theoretical occupancy calculation method based onJournal Pre-proof 2 | 35 the concentration of carbon dioxide as a bioeffluent can be an effective tool for the management of future crises caused by pathogens or hazardous chemicals in the air, and demonstrated its effectiveness in sports centres such as gyms, sports fields, and indoor swimming pools during the COVID-19 pandemic.Publicación Using Fourier series to obtain cross periodic wall response factors(Taylor & Francis, 2023-11-22) Theirs, Eduardo; Sánchez Orgaz, Susana; Varela Díez, Fernando; González Gaya, CristinaWall periodic response factors are a very usual calculation method of transient heat transfer through building envelope elements (walls, roofs …) in steady periodic conditions, used in popular heat load calculation procedures as ASHRAE’s RTS method [Spitler, Jeffrey D., Daniel E. Fisher, and Curtis O. Pedersen. 1997. “The Radiant Time Series Cooling Load Calculation Procedure.” ASHRAE Transactions 103 (2): 503–515]. This response factors, time sampled heat flux responses of a multi-layer wall to a 24h-periodic unit triangle function, can be obtained by means of multiple methods: Laplace’s method, state space method, frequency domain methods, etc. These methods are numerical since there is no analytical way of obtaining these response factors. The aim of this work is, taking advantage of the periodic nature of excitations, use Fourier series to represent boundary conditions, and this way find an easier and less computationally demanding procedure to calculate these response factors. Additionally, the convergence of these Fourier series will be analysed to determine the minimum set of frequencies needed to ensure a fixed admissible error for wall periodic response factors.Publicación Descriptive analysis and a proposal for a predictive model of fatal occupational accidents in Spain(Elsevier, 2023) Fuentes Bargues, J.L.; Sánchez Lite, A.; González Gaya, Cristina; Artacho Ramírez, M.A.Accidents at work are a problem in today’s economic structures, but if they result in the loss of human lives, the economic and social cost is even higher. The development of prevention policies, both at governmental and sectoral level, has led to a progressive reduction of occupational accidents, but number of fatal accidents remain high. The aim of this study is to explore the evolution of fatal accidents at work in Spain for the period 2009–2021, analyse the relationship between the main variables, and propose a predictive model of fatal occupational accidents in Spain. Data for this study are collected from occupational accident reports via the Delt@ (Electronic declaration of injured workers) IT system. The study variables were classified into five groups: temporal, personal, business, circumstances, and consequences. Fatal accidents at work are more common in males and in older workers, especially in workers between 40 and 59 years old. Companies with less than five workers have the highest percentage of fatal accidents, and the transport subsector and that the worker is carrying out his/her usual work have a strong correlation in the fatal accidents. Results can help to the agents involved in the health and safety management to develop preventive measures, and action plans.