Persona: Pérez González, Juan Carlos
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Pérez González
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Juan Carlos
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Publicación Pathways Into Psychosocial Adjustment in Children: Modeling the Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence, Social-Emotional Problems, and Gender(Frontiers, 2019-03-12) Piqueras, Jose A.; Mateu Martínez, Ornela; Cejudo, Javier; Pérez González, Juan CarlosTrait Emotional intelligence (Trait EI) can be understood as a personality trait related to individual differences in recognition, processing, and the regulation of emotionally charged information. Trait EI has been considered a variable of great importance in determining psychosocial adjustment. However, most research on Trait EI has focused on adult and adolescent populations, while very few studies have explored its influence on children. The aim of this study was to analyze possible pathways into psychosocial adjustment in children by examining the combined effects of Trait EI and emotional and social problems. It also aimed to assess the possible mediating role of gender in this relationship. A total of 268 Spanish children participated in this study, ranging in age from 8 to 12 years (mean age = 10.09, SD = 1.32, 45.10% male). Selected measures were applied through a web-based survey called DetectaWeb. The regression and mediation/moderation analyses confirmed that psychosocial adjustment in children was determined by Trait EI directly and by emotional and social problems in an indirect way. Together, the three variables explained 46% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment, although Trait EI was the most powerful predictor (44%), demonstrating incremental validity over and above social and emotional problems. In addition, gender was shown to be a moderating variable between Trait EI and psychosocial adjustment; for girls specifically, lower Trait EI scores were a determinant of lower levels of psychosocial adjustment, regardless of emotional and social problems. It can be concluded that the identified pathways provide keys for emotional education interventions aimed at promoting psychosocial adjustment, well-being, and good mental health among children. Our findings support the buffer role of Trait EI against maladjustment risk in children, but more clearly in girls.Publicación Extending the nomological network of computational thinking with non-cognitive factors(Elsevier, 2018-03) Román González, Marcos; Pérez González, Juan Carlos; Moreno León, Jesús; Robles, GregorioComputational thinking (CT) is being consolidated as a key set of problem-solving skills that must be developed by the students to excel in our software-driven society. However, in psychological terms, CT is still a poorly defined construct, given that its nomological network has not been established yet. In a previous paper, we started to address this issue studying the correlations between CT and some fundamental cognitive variables, such as primary mental abilities and problem-solving ability. The current work deepens in the same direction as it aims to extend the nomological network of CT with non-cognitive factors, through the study of the correlations between CT, self-efficacy and the several dimensions from the ‘Big Five’ model of human personality: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. To do so, the Computational Thinking Test (CTt) and some additional self-efficacy items are administered on a sample of 1251 Spanish students from 5th to 10th grade (N ¼ 1251), and the Big Five Questionnaire-Children version (BFQ-C) is also taken by a subsample from the above (n ¼ 99). Results show statistically significant correlations between CT and self-efficacy perception relative to CT performance (rs ¼ 0.41), in which gender differences in favor of males are found (d ¼ 0.42). Moreover, results show statistically significant correlations between CT and: Openness to Experience (r ¼ 0.41), Extraversion (r ¼ 0.30), and Conscientiousness (r ¼ 0.27). These findings are consistent with the existing literature except for the unexpected correlation between CT and the Extraversion factor of personality, which is consequently discussed in detail. Overall, our findings corroborate the existence of a non-cognitive side of CT that should be taken into account by educational policies and interventions aimed at fostering CT. As a final contribution, the extended nomological network of CT integrating cognitive and non-cognitive variables is depicted.Publicación Trait emotional intelligence and attentional bias for positive emotion: An eye tracking study(Elsevier, 2018-07-01) Lea, Rosanna G.; Qualterb, Pamela; Davisa, Sarah K.; Pérez González, Juan Carlos; Bangee, MunirahEmotional intelligence (EI) may promote wellbeing through facilitation of adaptive attentional processing patterns. In the current study, a total of 54 adults (43 females, mean age=25 years, SD=10 years) completed a Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI) scale and took part in three eye-tracking tasks, where they viewed (1) faces with different emotions (happy, angry, fearful, neutral), (2) 16-face crowds with varying ratios of happy to angry faces, and (3) 4 visual scenes (physical threat, social threat, positive social, neutral). Findings showed that higher TEI was associated with more attention to positive emotional stimuli (happy faces, positive social scenes), relative to negative and neutral stimuli. An attentional preference for positive rather than negative emotional stimuli may be one way that TEI affords protection from stressors to promote mental health.Publicación Can computational talent be detected? Predictive validity of the Computational Thinking Test(Elsevier, 2018-11) Román González, Marcos; Pérez González, Juan Carlos; Moreno-León, Jesús; Robles, GregorioComputational thinking (CT) is arising as a set of problem-solving skills that must be acquired by the new generations of students to fully understand and participate in our computer-based world. However, from a psychometric approach, we are still at an early stage regarding the definition and assessment of CT as a psychological variable. One way to advance in this area is to investigate whether ‘computationally talented’ students (i.e., ‘computational top thinkers’) can be detected even before learning to code; and, if so, how to teach them properly to fully develop their high-computational ability. This paper presents several empirical concatenated studies about the predictive validity of the Computational Thinking Test (CTt), which is administered on a sample of 314 middle school Spanish students (n = 314). We report the predictive validity of the CTt, conducted at the beginning of the quarter, with respect to academic performance (Informatics, Mathematics, and Language) and learning analytics in a Code.org course collected at the end of the quarter. We also analyze the predictive validity of the CTt to early distinguish between ‘computational regular thinkers’ and ‘computational top thinkers’ (i.e., those who spontaneously accelerated from the ‘block-based’ programming environment of Code.org to the ‘text-based’ one of Khan Academy). Finally, we perform a case study over two of the students categorized as ‘computational top thinkers’, in which one of their coding products written in Processing JavaScript is described. Our results demonstrate that ‘computationally talented’ students can be detected in middle school, and that these subjects have the ability to accelerate in the Computer Science Education standards between 1 and 2 years compared to the regular learners. This could have major implications on the emerging computing curricula, which should take into account these individual differences in computational ability and ‘learning-how-to-code’ speed to ensure an appropriate progression for every student.Publicación Células termoradiativas con banda intermedia: Estudio de la eficiencia teórica por medio del método de balance detallado(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Física Fundamental, 2019-03-13) Pérez González, Juan Carlos; Fernández Sánchez, Julio JuanEn este trabajo se presenta una nueva tecnología para la conversión de calor en electricidad, capaz de aprovechar la energía de fuentes de calor a baja temperatura. Resulta interesante su estudio dado que este tipo de fuentes se pueden encontrar, por ejemplo, como residuo en multitud de procesos industriales. Se implementa por medio de las llamadas células termoradiativas (TRC) cuyo funcionamiento se basa en los mismos principios que las células fotovoltaicas (FV), aunque trabajan en sentido inverso: producen una corriente y una tensión eléctricas emitiendo fotones al entorno, en lugar de absorberlos. Actualmente se posee un conocimiento detallado de su funcionamiento teórico y empiezan a aparecer los primeros prototipos. Aun así, las densidades de potencia (POD) y eficiencia calculadas son inferiores a las de las células FV. Con la idea de mejorar las prestaciones, se presenta un nuevo modelo de célula TRC basado en una unión semiconductora, en donde se incluye una banda intermedia en el gap de energía entre las BC y BV: son las llamadas células termoradiativas con banda intermedia (IBTRC). Se analiza en detalle los principios físicos en los que se basa y, aplicando el método del balance detallado, se derivan expresiones para la densidad de corriente, la densidad de potencia y la eficiencia del nuevo dispositivo. En una IBTRC con Egap=0.2eV y operando a una temperatura de 1000K en un ambiente de 300K, se obtiene que la POD es 1.94 y el rendimiento 1.31 veces mayores, respectivamente, que los proporcionados por una célula TRC de gap simple operando en las mismas condiciones. Esto demuestra que la inclusión de la banda intermedia mejora sensiblemente las prestaciones de la TRC. Se presentan también ciertos criterios de selección de parámetros clave que permiten la configuración de la IBTRC, determinando las condiciones óptimas de operación.