Persona: Collado Guirao, Paloma
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Publicación Physiological and brain alterations produced by high-fat diet in male and female rats can be modulated by increased levels of estradiol during critical periods of development(Taylor and Francis Online, 2017-07-11) Carrillo Urbano, Beatriz; Collado Guirao, Paloma; Díaz, Francisca; Chowen, Julie A.; Pérez Izquierdo, María Ángeles; Pinos Sánchez, María ElenaBackground: Overnutrition due to a high-fat diet (HFD) can increase the vulnerability of the metabolic system to maladjustments. Estradiol has an inhibitory role on food intake and this hormone has demonstrated to be a crucial organizer during brain development. Objective: Our aim was to determine whether increased levels of estradiol in the early postnatal period modulate the alterations in metabolism and brain metabolic circuits produced by overnutrition. Methods: Twenty-four male and 24 female Wistar rats were submitted to a HFD (34.9% fat) or a control diet (5% fat) from gestational day 6. From postnatal (P) 6 to P13, both control and HFD groups were administered a s.c. injection of vehicle or estradiol benzoate (0.4 mg/kg), resulting in eight experimental groups (n = 6 in each group). Body weight, food intake and subcutaneous, visceral, and brown fat pads were measured. Agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, orexin, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and plasma estradiol levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Males fed a HFD showed an increase in body weight and the amount of visceral and subcutaneous fat, which was coincident with an increase in the number of kilocalories ingested. Neonatal estradiol treatment restored the body weight and subcutaneous fat of HFD males to control levels. Hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels in HFD females were increased with respect to control females. This increase was reverted with estradiol treatment during development. Discussion: HFD and estradiol treatment have different effects on males and females. Overnutrition affects physiological parameters, such as body weight, visceral, and subcutaneous fat content, in males, while females present alterations in hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels. Hence, the increase in estradiol levels during a period that is critical for the programing of the feeding system can modulate some of the alterations produced by the continuous intake of high-fat content food.Publicación Exposure to increased levels of estradiol during development can have long-term effects on the response to undernutrition in female rats(Taylor and Francis Group, 2016-11) Díaz González, Francisca; Chowen, Julie A.; Pino Osuna, María José; Carrillo Urbano, Beatriz; Collado Guirao, PalomaObjectives: Undernutrition during development alters the expression of peptides that control energy expenditure and feeding behavior. Estrogens can also modulate these peptides. Here we analyzed whether early postnatal administration of estradiol modulates the effects of undernutrition on neuroendocrine parameters in adult female Wistar rats. Methods: Control rats were fed a control diet. Undernourished pups were submitted to a restricted diet with half of the undernourished rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg s.c. of estradiol benzoate (EB) from postnatal day (P) 6 until P13. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine expression in the hypothalamus of Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Plasma estradiol, testosterone and adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. Total and acylated ghrelin levels were measured in plasma by RIA. Results: Undernourishment decreased body weight, fat mass, plasma leptin and insulin levels and hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels. An increase in orexigenic signals AgRP and NPY mRNA levels, and in plasma adiponectin levels were found in undernourished animals. Early postnatal treatment with EB to undernourished female rats reversed the effects of undernutrition on adult hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels. In addition, neonatal EB treatment to undernourished females significantly decreased adult plasma testosterone, estradiol and acylated ghrelin levels. Discussion: Our results suggest that increased estradiol during a critical period of development has the capacity to modulate the alterations that undernutrition produces on energy metabolism.Publicación Blocking of Estradiol Receptors ERα, ERβ and GPER During Development, Differentially Alters Energy Metabolism in Male and Female Rats(Elsevier, 2020) Díaz González, Francisca; Chowen, Julie A.; Grassi, Daniela; Pinos Sánchez, María Elena; Carrillo Urbano, Beatriz; Collado Guirao, PalomaEstradiol not only participates in the regulation of energy metabolism in adulthood, but also during the first stages of life as it modulates the alterations induced by under- and over-nutrition. The objectives of the present study were to determine: 1) If estradiol is involved in the normal programming of energy metabolism in rats; 2) If there is a specific window of time for this programming and 3) If males and females are differentially vulnerable to the action of this hormone. Estrogen receptors (ER) α, ERβ and GPER were blocked by their specific antagonists MPP, PHTPP and G15, respectively, from postnatal day (P) 1 (the day of birth) to P5 or from P5 to P13. Physiological parameters such as body weight, fat depots and caloric intake were then analysed at P90. Hypothalamic AgRP, POMC, MC4R, ERα, ERβ and GPER mRNA levels and plasma levels of estradiol, were also studied. We found that blocking ER receptors from P5 to P13 significantly decreases long-term body weight in males and hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels in females. The blocking of ERs from P1 to P5 only affected plasma estradiol levels in females. The present results indicate programming actions of estradiol from P5 to P13 on body weight in male and POMC expression in female rats and emphasize the importance of including both sexes in metabolic studies. It is necessary to unravel the mechanisms that underlie the actions of estradiol on food intake, both during development and in adulthood, and to determine how this programming differentially takes place in males and females.