Persona: Marín Hernando, Juan
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Publicación Neanderthal mobility over very long distances: The case of El Castillo cave (northern Spain) and the ‘Vasconian’ Mousterian(Elsevier, 2025-08) Herrero Alonso, Diego; Maíllo Fernández, José Manuel; Abellán Beltrán, Natalia; Moral, Macarena; González Molina, Irene; Solano Megías, Irene; Luzón Ruíz, Sofía; Marín Hernando, Juan; Álvarez Vena, Adrián; Martín Perea, David; Neira, Ana; Bernaldo de Quirós, Federico; Tarriño, AndoniThis study explores the mobility and raw material circulation of Neanderthals at the El Castillo cave, located in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, with a particular focus on flint. The levels analyzed (XXabeXXf1.1) date between 45 and 70 ka BP, corresponding to the Mousterian period and, in some cases, to the Vasconian facies. Most of the flint varieties are of local origin (<10e30 km), but six additional sources have been identified, both regionally (30e120 km) and tracer (120e250 km), as well as a variety that would fall under the supertracer range (>250 km). These findings provide insights into patterns of lithic resource acquisition. Based on these data, together with the technotypological data and the quantitative representation of the different varieties of raw materials, it is proposed that the territory of these Neanderthals was larger than expected. Beyond their home range, they may have had an even larger ‘social territory,’ covering more than 600 km in length, from the Oviedo basin (Piedramuelle flint) to the Adour River (Tercis flint), including the Upper Ebro Basin (Trevi~ no flint). Furthermore, this broad geographical region and the dates from the levels at El Castillo align with the spatial distribution of the Mousterian with cleavers or the Vasconian. The technotypological analysis of these assemblages suggests that the Vasconian may be more closely related to a broad view of the group and the sharing of ideas, rather than representing a strictly defined technological tradition.Publicación A step back to move forward: a geological re‐evaluation of the El Castillo Cave Middle Palaeolithic lithostratigraphic units (Cantabria, northern Iberia)(Wiley, 2022-08-28) Martín Perea, David M.; Maíllo Fernández, José Manuel; Marín Hernando, Juan; Arroyo, Xabier; Asiaín, Raquel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-0904El Castillo Cave is one of the most important sites for understanding the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in Europe. Despite its importance, the absence of a widely used stratigraphic section with detailed lithostratigraphic descriptions and correlations between the different geological and archaeological interpretations has led to confusion in the correct identification of lithostratigraphic units in the lowermost, Middle Palaeolithic sequence. This study establishes a new lithostratigraphic framework for the site, which can be accurately correlated to previous geological and archaeological studies and generates a solid working basis for framing the Mousterian of El Castillo Cave in the Cantabrian region and southwestern Europe. The geological re‐evaluation of Unit XX (‘Mousterian Alpha’) has expanded its chronology, now ranging from 49 130–43 260 cal BP to 70 400 ± 9600 BP. Unit XXII (‘Mousterian Bet’) would consequently yield an age older than 70 400 ± 9600 BP and younger than the underlying speleothem (Unit XXIIIb), dated to 89 000 +11 000/‐10 000 BP.Publicación The Dorothy Garrod Site: a new Middle Stone Age locality in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania(Springer Nature, 2022-08-18) Maíllo Fernández, José Manuel; Marín Hernando, Juan; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Uribelarrea, David; Solano Megías, Irene; Asiaín, Raquel; Baquedano, Enrique; Domínguez Rodrigo, Manuel; Gidna, Agness; Medialdea, Alicia; Steven, Hekima Mwamakimbula; Chilonzi, Daniel Haruni; Arteaga, Carlos; Mabulla, Audax; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-0904; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-264X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-2215; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5895-0736; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-5497Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a key site for the study of human evolution as well as the origin of modern humans and the Middle Stone Age (MSA). In this study, we present a new MSA location named Dorothy Garrod Site (DGS), found in the main branch of Olduvai Gorge. The site has only one archaeological level, located stratigraphically in the Upper Ndutu. Although it has not yet been possible to radiometrically date it, it has yielded numerous archaeological remains with a functional association between the faunal remains and the lithic industry. The fauna identified includes Alcelaphini, Hippotragini, and Equidae, some of which present percussion marks and evidence of burning. The lithic industry involved knapping using discoid methods. The retouched blanks are denticulates and retouched flakes with, up to now, a total absence of points. DGS is therefore a new site that will aid our understanding of modern human occupations in northern Tanzania in a period for which there is a dearth of properly contextualised archaeological evidence.Publicación Technological variability in El Castillo cave during MIS 4(Springer Nature, 2024-07-29) González Molina, Irene; Maíllo Fernández, José Manuel; Vaquero, Manuel; Neira, Ana; Bernaldo de Quirós, Federico; Marín Hernando, JuanThe variability in Neanderthal behaviour is one of the key debates in Middle Palaeolithic archaeology. Here we present the analysis of the lithic industry from a unit at one of Europe’s main Palaeolithic sites: El Castillo Cave. Unit XXf1.1, dated to the beginning of MIS 4, is an example of human occupation during a period of population decrease. In this assemblage, the technology is organised with the aim of obtaining the largest possible blanks in an environment in which small-sized raw materials predominate, with the presence of imported tools and clear differences in the management of different raw materials. This assemblage is characterized by the predominance of centripetal exploitation methods, and there is only a small number of blanks with laminar tendency, and cleavers. From all this we can observe how Neanderthals were able to find ways to achieve their specific objectives, planning their behaviour to overcome the limitations imposed by the environment.Publicación Geology and chronology of the Ndutu and Naisiusiu type sites: implications for Middle and Later Stone Age occupations at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)(Elsevier, 2025-08-18) Martín-Perea, David Manuel; Medialdea, Alicia; Marín Hernando, Juan; Abellán Beltrán, Natalia; Solano-Megías, Irene; Arteaga, Carlos; Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio; Uribelarrea, David; Arroyo, Xabier; Gidna, Agness; Mabulla, Audax; Maíllo Fernández, José ManuelOlduvai Gorge (northern Tanzania) preserves a rich and continuous paleoanthropological record spanning the past two million years. While its Early Stone Age occupations have been intensively studied, the Middle and Later Stone Age sequences, represented by the Ndutu and Naisiusiu Beds, remain less understood. This study presents new geological and geochronological data from the type localities of the Ndutu and Naisiusiu Beds. Using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), we establish a revised chronological framework for these sedimentary units. The Lower Ndutu Beds, composed of fluvially reworked conglomerates and sands capped by a trachytic tuff and silts, are now dated between 152.9 ±11.6 ka and 122.9 ±8.3 ka. The Upper Ndutu Beds include archaeologically rich sandy and silty facies and are dated between 86.9 ±4.5 ka and 70.8 ±10.4 ka. At the Naisiusiu type site, a sequence of fluvial, sheetwash, and aeolian deposits yielded OSL dates ranging from 65.3 ±4.4 ka to 32.8 ±2.2 ka, suggesting that the LSA occupation at Olduvai began significantly earlier than previously assumed. These results provide refined age estimates for the Middle and Later Stone Age deposits at Olduvai Gorge and confirm a relatively rapid transition between these two technocomplexes during the Late Pleistocene. The data strengthen regional correlations with sites like Nasera and Mumba, providing critical chronological resolution to ongoing debates about the tempo and mode of behavioural evolution in eastern Africa.