Examinando por Autor "Lubrini, Genny"

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  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Cognitive outcomes following functional neurosurgery in refractory OCD patients: a systematic review
    (Springer, 2023) Laseca Zaballa, Garazi; Lubrini, Genny; Periañez, Jose A.; Martinez, Simón; Martín Bejarano, M.; Torres Díaz, C.; Martínez Moreno, N.; Álvarez Linera, Juan; Martínez Álvarez, R.; Ríos Lago, Marcos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-6198; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-4021
    Neurosurgery is a therapeutic option for patients with refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder who do not respond to previous treatments. Although its efficacy in reducing clinical symptomatology has been proven, few studies have analyzed its effects at the cognitive level. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the cognitive outcomes of functional neurosurgery in patients that went through capsulotomies or cingulotomies. PubMed, Medline, Scopus, PsycInfo, PsyArticles, and Web of Knowledge were searched for studies reporting cognitive outcomes in refractory obsessive–compulsive patients after capsulotomies and cingulotomies. The risk of bias was assessed with the Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies With No Control Group tool; 13 studies met inclusion criteria, including 205 refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder patients for both surgical procedures. Results showed a substantial number of studies that did report significant cognitive improvement after surgery, being this improvement specially related to memory and executive functions. The second-most frequent finding is the maintenance of cognitive performance (nor improvement or worsening). From a neuropsychological point of view, this outcome might be considered a success, given that it is accompanied by amelioration of obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Subtle cognitive adverse effects have also been reported. Neurosurgery procedures appear to be safe from a cognitive point of view. Methodological issues must be improved to draw clearer conclusions, but capsulotomies and cingulotomies constitute an effective alternative treatment for refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder patients.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    New functional dissociations between prefrontal and parietal cortex during task switching: A combined fMRI and TMS study
    (Elsevier, 2024-10) Periáñez, José A.; Viejo Sobera, Raquel; Lubrini, Genny; Álvarez Linera, Juan; Rodríguez Toscano, Elisa; Moreno, María D.; Arango, Celso; Redolar Ripoll, Diego; Muñoz Marrón, Elena; Ríos Lago, Marcos
    Preparatory control in task-switching has been suggested to rely upon a set of distributed regions within a frontoparietal network, with frontal and parietal cortical areas cooperating to implement switch-specific preparation processes. Although recent causal evidence using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have generally supported this model, alternative results from both functional neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have questioned the switch-specific role of both frontal and parietal cortices. The aim of the present study was to clarify the involvement of prefrontal and parietal areas in preparatory cognitive control. With this purpose, an fMRI study was conducted to identify the brain areas activated during cue events in a task-switching paradigm, indicating whether to switch or to repeat among numerical tasks. Then, TMS was applied over the specific coordinates previously identified through fMRI, that is, the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Results revealed that TMS over the right IFG disrupted performance in both switch and repeat trails in terms of delayed responses as compared to Sham condition. In contrast, TMS over the right IPS selectively interfered performance in switch trials. These findings support a multi-component model of executive control with the IFG being involved in more general switch-unspecific process such as the episodic retrieval of goals, and the IPS being related to the implementation of switch-specific preparation mechanisms for activating stimulus-response mappings. The results are discussed within the framework of contemporary hierarchical models of prefrontal cortex organization, suggesting that distinct prefrontal areas may carry out coordinated functions in preparatory control.