Examinando por Autor "Hinojosa, José Antonio"
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Publicación Affective neurolinguistics: towards a framework for reconciling language and emotion(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Hinojosa, José Antonio; Ferré Romeu, María Pilar; Moreno Bella, EvaStandard neurocognitive models of language processing have tended to obviate the need for incorporating emotion processes, while affective neuroscience theories have typically been concerned with the way in which people communicate their emotions, and have often simply not addressed linguistic issues. Here, we summarise evidence from temporal and spatial brain imaging studies that have investigated emotion effects on lexical, semantic and morphosyntactic aspects of language during the comprehension of single words and sentences. The evidence reviewed suggests that emotion is represented in the brain as a set of semantic features in a distributed sensory, motor, language and affective network. Also, emotion interacts with a number of lexical, semantic and syntactic features in different brain regions and timings. This is in line with the proposals of interactive neurocognitive models of language processing, which assume the interplay between different representational levels during on-line language comprehension.Publicación Consciousness Under the Spotlight: The Problem of Measuring Subjective Experience(Wiley, 2024-10-24) Jiménez. Mikel; Prieto Lara, Antonio; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Montoro Martínez, Pedro Raúl; Mohamad El HajThe study of consciousness is considered by many one of the most difficult contemporary scientific endeavors and confronts several methodological and theoretical challenges. A central issue that makes the study of consciousness so challenging is that, while the rest of science is concerned with problems that can be verified from a “third person” view (i.e., objectively), the study of consciousness deals with the phenomenon of subjective experience, only accessible from a “first person” view. In the present article, we review early (starting during the late 19th century) and later efforts on measuring consciousness and its absence, focusing on the two main approaches used by researchers within the field: objective (i.e., performance based) and subjective (i.e., report based) measures of awareness. In addition, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of both types of awareness measures, evaluate them according to different methodological considerations, and discuss, among other issues, the possibility of comparing them by transforming them to a common sensitivity measure (d′). Finally, we explore several new approaches—such as Bayesian models to support the absence of awareness or new machine-learning based decoding models—as well as future challenges—such as measuring the qualia, the qualitative contents of awareness—in consciousness research.Publicación Facing stereotypes: ERP responses to male and female faces after gender-stereotyped statements(Oxford University Press, 2020-09) Rodríguez Gómez, Pablo; Romero Ferreiro, Verónica; Pozo García, Miguel Ángel; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Moreno Bella, EvaDespite gender is a salient feature in face recognition, the question of whether stereotyping modulates face processing remains unexplored. Event-related potentials from 40 participants (20 female) was recorded as male and female faces matched or mismatched previous gender-stereotyped statements and were compared with those elicited by faces preceded by gender-unbiased statements. We conducted linear mixed-effects models to account for possible random effects from both participants and the strength of the gender bias. The amplitude of the N170 to faces was larger following stereotyped relative to gender-unbiased statements in both male and female participants, although the effect was larger for males. This result reveals that stereotyping exerts an early effect in face processing and that the impact is higher in men. In later time windows, male faces after female-stereotyped statements elicited large late positivity potential (LPP) responses in both men and women, indicating that the violation of male stereotypes induces a post-perceptual reevaluation of a salient or conflicting event. Besides, the largest LPP amplitude in women was elicited when they encountered a female face after a female-stereotyped statement. The later result is discussed from the perspective of recent claims on the evolution of women self-identification with traditionally held female roles.Publicación Masked priming under the Bayesian microscope: Exploring the integration of local elements into global shape through Bayesian model comparison(Elsevier, 2023-10) Jiménez, Mikel; Prieto Lara, Antonio; Gómez, Pablo; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Montoro Martínez, Pedro RaúlTo investigate whether local elements are grouped into global shapes in the absence of awareness, we introduced two different masked priming designs (e.g., the classic dissociation paradigm and a trial-wise probe and prime discrimination task) and collected both objective (i.e., performance based) and subjective (using the perceptual awareness scale [PAS]) awareness measures. Prime visibility was manipulated using three different prime-mask stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) and an unmasked condition. Our results showed that assessing prime visibility trial-wise heavily interfered with masked priming preventing any prime facilitation effect. The implementation of Bayesian regression models, which predict priming effects for participants whose awareness levels are at chance level, provided strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis that local elements group into global shape in the absence of awareness for SOAs longer than 50 ms, suggesting that prime-mask SOA is a crucial factor in the processing of the global shape without awareness.Publicación Please be logical, I am in a bad mood: An electrophysiological study of mood effects on reasoning(Elsevier, 2019-04) Rodríguez Gómez, Pablo; Pozo García, Miguel Ángel; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Moreno Bella, EvaSeveral behavioral studies have reported a detrimental effect of emotion on reasoning tasks, either when the content of the reasoning and/or the mood state of the individual are emotionally loaded. However, the neural mechanisms involved in this phenomena remain largely unexplored. In an event-related potentials (ERPs) study, we examined the consequences of an induced mood over the electrophysiological signals obtained while processing logical and illogical categorical conclusions. Prior to performing a syllogism reading task, we aimed to induce, by using short film clips, high arousal negative and positive moods and neutral affective states to participants in three separate recording sessions. Our mood induction procedure was only successful at inducing a highly arousing negative state. Behaviorally, participants committed more errors overall while judging the invalidity versus the validity of illogical and logical conclusions, respectively, but no influences from mood state emerged at this logical validity task. Electrophysiologically and overall a negative going N400 deflection was larger for illogical relative to logical conclusions in a parietal region between 300 and 420 ms. However, further analysis revealed that the logical conclusions were only more expected (smaller N400 amplitudes) in the negative relative to the neutral and the positive sessions, providing support to theoretical views that posit that a more analytic reasoning style might be implemented under a negative mood state. These results provide further electrophysiological evidence of the influence of mood on other cognitive processes, particularly on the anticipation and processing of logical conclusions during online reasoning tasks.Publicación Syntactic expectancy: an event-related potentials study(Elsevier, 2005-04-11) Hinojosa, José Antonio; Casado, Pilar; Pozo García, Miguel Ángel; Moreno Bella, Eva; Muñoz Ibáñez, Francisco JavierAlthough extensive work has been conducted in order to study expectancies about semantic information, little effort has been dedicated to the study of the influence of expectancies in the processing of forthcoming syntactic information. The present study tries to examine the issue by presenting participants with grammatically correct sentences of two types. In the first type the critical word of the sentence belonged to the most expected word category type on the basis of the previous context (an article following a verb). In the second sentence type, the critical word was an unexpected but correct word category (an article following an adjective) when a verb is highly expected. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured to critical words in both sentence types. Brain waves evoked by the correct but syntactically unexpected word revealed the presence of a negativity with a central distribution around 300–500 ms after stimuli onset, an N400, that was absent in the case of syntactically expected words. No differences were present in previous time windows. These results support models that differentiate between the processing of expected and unexpected syntactic structures.Publicación When logical conclusions go against beliefs: an ERP study(Elsevier, 2018) Rodríguez Gómez, Pablo; Rincón Pérez, Irene; Santaniello, Gerardo; Poch, Claudia; Pozo García, Miguel Ángel; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Moreno Bella, EvaReasoning is a fundamental human ability, vulnerable to error. According to behavioural measures, we are biased to consider valid the conclusion of an argument based on the veracity of the conclusion itself rather than on the formal logic of the argument. Nowadays, brain imaging techniques can be used to explore peoplés responses as they reason with linguistic materials. Using the Event-Related Potential technique in a categorical syllogism reading task, an N400 enhancement was found for the processing of invalid conclusions preceded by true premises (e.g. All men are mortal). By contrast, when initial premises consisted of socially prejudiced statements previously rated as false (e.g. All blond girls are dumb), valid rather than invalid conclusions enhanced the N400 response. Considering what the modulation of N400 indexes (i.e. word anticipation processes), our data suggests that people cannot follow the logic of an argument to anticipate upcoming words if they clash with veracity.