Publicación: So much for certain: analysis of the measure of early leaving from education and training
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2020-07
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Subdirección General de Atención al Ciudadano, Documentación y Publicaciones
Resumen
La medida del Abandono Temprano de la Educación y Formación (ATEF) es un indicador básico para el diseño de políticas orientadas a promover continuidad y éxito en las trayectorias formativas del alumnado. Esta medida se obtiene en España a través de la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA), un instrumento potente que estudia la actividad económica nacional en lo relativo a su componente humano. A partir de determinadas variables preexistentes en la EPA se realiza el cálculo del ATEF, siendo actualmente la medida oficial. Nuestra investigación plantea como objetivo analizar detalladamente cómo se establece la medida del ATEF a través de la EPA: operativización, procedimiento de muestreo, cálculo del tamaño muestral y obtención de respuestas. Para ello recurrimos a la explotación de los microdatos de la EPA de 2018. El análisis pone de manifiesto algunas reflexiones que consideramos de interés para valorar la adecuación de esta medida a los fines y usos que se hacen posteriormente de ella. El análisis de la medida del constructo indica que esta medida no es fija, sino que depende del momento y edad en que se realiza la encuesta; asimismo, un mismo tipo de estudio puede computar o no como abandono, además de existir limitaciones en la consideración de algunas modalidades formativas. En relación al muestreo, cuestionamos la adecuación de las variables socio-económicas utilizadas en la formación de conglomerados. El tamaño muestral es suficiente a nivel nacional, pero no así a nivel autonómico y, en consecuencia, afecta a la interpretación de resultados. Por último, la fiabilidad de los procedimientos de encuestas heteroinformadas introducen también una posibilidad de sesgo en la respuesta. Con todo, se propone la medida de este indicador a través de datos censales derivados directamente del seguimiento y permanencia en el sistema educativo.
The measure of Early School Leaving (ESL) is a basic indicator for the design of policies aimed at promoting continuity and success in the educational trajectories of students. This measure is obtained through the Active Population Survey (APS), a powerful instrument that studies the national economic activity in relation to its human component. The calculation of the ESL is made from certain variables that already existed in the APS, being currently the official measure. Our research aims to analyze in detail what is measured by the APS and how: operationalization, sampling procedure, sample size calculation and obtaining answers. For this we resort to the exploitation of the 2018 EPA microdata. The analysis reveals some reflections that we consider of interest to assess the adequacy of this measure to the purposes and uses that are subsequently made of it. The analysis of the measure of the construct indicates that this measure is not determined, but depends on the time and age at which the survey is conducted; likewise, the same type of study may or may not count as school leaving, in addition to limitations in the consideration of some training modalities. In relation to sampling, we question the adequacy of the socioeconomic variables used in the formation of conglomerates. The sample size is sufficient at the national level, but not at the regional level and, consequently, it affects the interpretation of results. Finally, the reliability of hetero-informed survey procedures also introduces a possibility of bias in the response. However, the measure of this indicator is proposed through census data that are derived directly from the monitoring and permanence in the education system.
The measure of Early School Leaving (ESL) is a basic indicator for the design of policies aimed at promoting continuity and success in the educational trajectories of students. This measure is obtained through the Active Population Survey (APS), a powerful instrument that studies the national economic activity in relation to its human component. The calculation of the ESL is made from certain variables that already existed in the APS, being currently the official measure. Our research aims to analyze in detail what is measured by the APS and how: operationalization, sampling procedure, sample size calculation and obtaining answers. For this we resort to the exploitation of the 2018 EPA microdata. The analysis reveals some reflections that we consider of interest to assess the adequacy of this measure to the purposes and uses that are subsequently made of it. The analysis of the measure of the construct indicates that this measure is not determined, but depends on the time and age at which the survey is conducted; likewise, the same type of study may or may not count as school leaving, in addition to limitations in the consideration of some training modalities. In relation to sampling, we question the adequacy of the socioeconomic variables used in the formation of conglomerates. The sample size is sufficient at the national level, but not at the regional level and, consequently, it affects the interpretation of results. Finally, the reliability of hetero-informed survey procedures also introduces a possibility of bias in the response. However, the measure of this indicator is proposed through census data that are derived directly from the monitoring and permanence in the education system.
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Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
abandono educativo, medida, encuesta de población activa, tamaño muestral, fiabilidad, early school leaving, measure, active population survey, sample size, reliability
Citación
Centro
Facultad de Educación
Departamento
Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación I