Horcas, IgnacioMoreno Salinas, DavidSánchez Moreno, José2025-02-242025-02-242025-03Ignacio Horcas, David Moreno-Salinas, José Sánchez-Moreno, A cost-effective design for a mid-range microcontroller-based lock-in amplifier, Microprocessors and Microsystems, Volume 113, 2025, 105145, ISSN 0141-9331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2025.105145.0141-9331https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2025.105145https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/25960La versión registrada de este artículo, publicado por primera vez en Microprocessors and Microsystems, Volume 113, 2025, 105145, ISSN 0141-9331, está disponible en línea en el sitio web del editor: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2025.105145. The copyrighted version of this article, first published in Microprocessors and Microsystems, Volume 113, 2025, 105145, ISSN 0141-9331, is available online at the publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2025.105145.Lock-in amplifiers are instruments widely used in physics and engineering laboratories, whose invention goes back to the 1940s. Due to the late electronic developments, the former analog implementations have been replaced with digital versions, mainly based on FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays). The present work, exploiting the last advances in the microcontrollers field, consists in the development of a functional prototype of a low-cost lock-in amplifier based on a microcontroller with similar specifications to mid-range commercial amplifiers. The performance of the prototype has been tested and compared with commercial devices, showing a similar performance in common use cases at a much reduced cost.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess1203.17 Informática33 Ciencias TecnológicasartículoLock-in amplifiersmicrocontrollerembedded systemsystem on chipinstrumentationdata acquisitionsignal processing