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2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
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Resumen
Los altos niveles de material particulado emitido por calefactores a leña y sus efectos en la salud de la población, han impulsado en Chile la implementación de políticas para cambios en la matriz energética y un recambio tecnológico. En este contexto, se desarrolla un prototipo de intercambiador de calor a condensación de dos pasos, cuyo diseño compacto integra generadores de turbulencia en el primer paso para mejorar la transferencia de calor y un electrodo en el segundo paso para generar el efecto de precipitación del material particulado mediante un campo eléctrico, siendo recuperado junto al condensado que escurre por las superficies del sistema mediante una trampa de condensado. El propósito es optimizar el concepto de termo cañón para el calentamiento de agua sanitaria aprovechando el calor residual de los gases de combustión. El diseño se basa en un dispositivo para ser incorporado a una cocina a leña y se simularon las condiciones de operación utilizando el software EES junto a un modelo del intercambiador de dos pasos desarrollado en CFD Ansys Fluent. Se espera que el sistema alcance una eficiencia de recolección de material particulado superior al 80% y un aumento en la eficiencia térmicas de un 9%. En su fase de diseño, se trabaja mediante simulación numérica en base a la teoría de transferencia de calor y termodinámica y validadas mediante el uso de CFD en un concepto preliminar de fácil construcción.
The high levels of emission of particulate matter from fixed sources of biomass combustion and the effects on the health of the population have driven the implementation of public policies for changes in the energy matrix and a technological replacement in Chile. As a result of this, a prototype of a condensing heat exchanger is developed integrating an electrostatic precipitator, seeking to enhance the positive effects of these technologies in a single and relatively compact device. The state of the art has made similar developments, but with high levels of complexity in construction, as a shell and tube heat exchanger, that is why the concept of a thermosyphon is optimized to condense the moisture present in the flue gases and precipitate through an electric field the particulate matter. It is expected that using an electrostatic precipitator, up to 90% of particulate matter emissions will be captured, in addition thermal efficiencies (such as extra useful heat) of an additional 9%. In its design phase, work is done through numerical simulation based on the theory of heat transfer and thermodynamics and validated through the use of CFD in a preliminary concept of easy construction.
The high levels of emission of particulate matter from fixed sources of biomass combustion and the effects on the health of the population have driven the implementation of public policies for changes in the energy matrix and a technological replacement in Chile. As a result of this, a prototype of a condensing heat exchanger is developed integrating an electrostatic precipitator, seeking to enhance the positive effects of these technologies in a single and relatively compact device. The state of the art has made similar developments, but with high levels of complexity in construction, as a shell and tube heat exchanger, that is why the concept of a thermosyphon is optimized to condense the moisture present in the flue gases and precipitate through an electric field the particulate matter. It is expected that using an electrostatic precipitator, up to 90% of particulate matter emissions will be captured, in addition thermal efficiencies (such as extra useful heat) of an additional 9%. In its design phase, work is done through numerical simulation based on the theory of heat transfer and thermodynamics and validated through the use of CFD in a preliminary concept of easy construction.
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Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
agua caliente sanitaria, condensación, precipitador electrostático, biomasa
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Centro
E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales
Departamento
Mecánica