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Gallardo Beltrán, Marta

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0000-0003-4804-710X
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Gallardo Beltrán
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Marta
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2015 - 201992020 - 202515
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Nivel de acceso: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess × search.filters.applied.f.itemDepartamento: Geografía ×

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Mostrando 1 - 10 de 24
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Visiones del Madrid urbano: la enseñanza de la ciudad a través de videoclips
    (Adaya Press, 2018) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; García Reyes, Manuel David; López García, C; Manso J.; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-8003
    Los métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje están en pleno proceso de cambio y la introducción de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) ya es una realidad. Las nuevas generaciones de estudiantes están cada vez más informatizadas y son numerosos los estudios que demuestran que las herramientas que incluyen dichas tecnologías proporcionan un aprendizaje colaborativo y una mayor participación e interés por parte del alumnado. La web 2.0 crece exponencialmente, tanto su uso personal como profesional y también como complemento en la docencia. En este sentido, los videoclips que se encuentran en la plataforma YouTube combinan el medio audiovisual con la música (dos aspectos que suelen motivar a la población joven) y pueden ser reproducidos de manera gratuita. Su visionado puede introducirse en el aula sin necesidad de dedicar un tiempo excesivo y la facilidad en su uso permite que pueda ser utilizado tanto por alumnado o académicos que no estén muy familiarizados con las TIC. Se presenta una propuesta cuyo objetivo es analizar el espacio urbano de la ciudad de Madrid y cómo este es representado por diferentes artistas o grupos musicales, mediante la elección de dos videoclips. Se observará si dicha representación se ajusta a la realidad y cómo este medio puede influir en el imaginario colectivo, especialmente de la población joven. Esta práctica puede realizarse en los cursos de Bachillerato o primeros cursos de diferentes carreras de humanidades y ciencias sociales.
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    Dinámicas de cambios en los usos del suelo en Soria y Teruel (2000-2018)
    (Asociación Española de Geografía (AGE) y Universidad de La Rioja, 2023) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Fernández Portela, Julio; Cocero Matesanz, David; Vilar, Lara; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-1235
    El interés por el seguimiento y análisis de los cambios de usos del suelo ha experimentado un crecimiento importante debido a su papel en la comprensión de las dinámicas de cambio a nivel global. La mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en las dinámicas de crecimiento urbano, en el avance de la deforestación y la intensificación agrícola. Sin embargo, los cambios de usos del suelo en zonas en despoblamiento siguen siendo poco conocidos. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis comparativo de los cambios de usos del suelo en dos provincias españolas en despoblamiento, Soria y Teruel, entre los años 2000 y 2018. Para ello se emplea la base de datos Corine Land Cover, obteniendo estadísticas descriptivas sobre dichos cambios, así como su localización geográfica. Se observa que ambas provincias poseen dinámicas de cambios de usos similares, con un crecimiento urbano muy moderado, comparado con la dinámica nacional, y donde la mayor transformación se corresponde con la naturalización de tierras agrícolas. Se espera que los resultados permitan analizar la correlación existente entre dichos cambios y sus factores explicativos, con el objeto de fomentar el necesario debate en torno a la gestión del territorio en estas áreas de estudio.
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    Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps
    (Springer, 2022) Paegelow, Martin; Mas, Jean François; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Camacho Olmedo, María Teresa; García Álvarez, David; García Álvarez, D.; Camacho Olmedo, MT; Paegelow, M; Mas , JF; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-5312; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-9879; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-1543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-8003
    Several validation techniques based on the cross-tabulation matrix can be applied to validate Land Use Cover (LUC) maps. The exercises in this chapter focus, in particular, on the cross-tabulation techniques proposed by Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr., who has developed many indices and techniques in this field. Given his major contribution to this family of validation techniques, we have associated his name here with cross-tabulation techniques without this in any way implying that his scientific activity is limited to this field. The null model (Sect. 1) is especially useful for validating simulations, comparing the modelled map to a reference map with full persistence. LUCC budget (Sect. 2) only focusses on changes, which it splits into different components. This method can be used to compare the changes we want to validate with a reference set of changes, so providing interesting information as to how well our maps capture the dynamics of the landscape. Quantity and allocation disagreement (Sect. 3) analyse the differences between the reference map and the map being validated using two indices: disagreement in quantity and disagreement in allocation. The Figure of Merit (FoM) (Sect. 4) technique is used to validate a set of LUC changes by comparing them with a reference, distinguishing between different components of agreement: correctly simulated change, wrongly simulated or missing change. Incidents and States (Sect. 5) allows us to identify illogical transitions in a time series of maps by providing the number of states and transitions that a cell undergoes over the course of the series. Intensity analysis (Sect. 6) and Flow matrix (Sect. 7) also enable us to validate the logic of LUC changes in a time series of maps. Intensity analysis provides information on the speed of changes, identifying those transitions or changes that do not follow a logical trend, while the flow matrix enables us to spot unstable changes in a series of maps. In this chapter, we present examples of how these techniques can be used in different cases: to validate single LUC maps, to validate a series of maps with two or more time points, to validate simulated changes against a reference map of changes and to validate changes simulated by various models. All these techniques are illustrated by exercises using datasets from the Asturias Central Area and the Ariège Valley.
  • Miniatura
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    Story maps y trabajos de campo virtuales para la enseñanza del cambio global
    (Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 2023) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Lázaro Torres, María Luisa de; García González, Juan Antonio
    El cambio global es uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrenta nuestra sociedad, entendido este como los cambios planetarios ocasionados por las relaciones de la sociedad con el medio físico, incluyendo, entre otros, el cambio climático y sus efectos derivados de las actividades humanas. Con el objeto de averiguar hasta qué punto el cambio global es objeto de estudio en las universidades se realizan 25 entrevistas a docentes de diferentes universidades europeas. Se defiende que es posible impulsar, como elemento transversal en la enseñanza, el trabajo de campo virtual para visibilizar los cambios globales. Con esta finalidad se han seleccionado distintos story maps que muestran trabajos de campo virtuales relacionados con el cambio global, ofreciéndolos como una de las posibilidades metodológicas que pueden ser utilizadas para introducir el concepto del cambio global y sus posibles consecuencias en el aula.
  • Miniatura
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    Validation of Land Use Cover Maps: A Guideline
    (Springer, 2022) Camacho Olmedo, María Teresa; García Álvarez, David; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Mas, Jean Francois; Paegelow, Martin; Castillo Santiago, Miguel Ángel; Molinero Parejo, Ramón; García Álvarez, D.; Camacho Olmedo, MT; Paegelow, M; Mas, JF; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-1543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-8003; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-9879; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-5312; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-5514; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-8604
    This chapter offers a general overview of the available tools and strategies for validating Land Use Cover (LUC) data—specifically LUC maps—and Land Use Cover Change Modelling (LUCCM) exercises. We give readers some guidelines according to the type of maps they want to validate: single LUC maps (Sect. 3), time series of LUC maps (Sect. 4) or the results of LUCCM exercises (Sect. 5). Despite the fact that some of the available methods are applicable to all these maps, each type of validation exercise has its own particularities which must be taken into account. Each section of this chapter starts with a brief introduction about the specific type of maps (single, time series or modelling exercises) and the reference data needed to validate them. We also present the validation methods/functions and the corresponding exercises developed in Part III of this book. To this end, we address, in this order, the tools for validating Land Use Cover data based on basic and Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation (see chapter “Basic and Multiple-Resolution Cross Tabulation to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”), metrics based on the Cross-Tabulation matrix (see chapter “Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”), Pontius Jr. methods based on the Cross-Tabulation matrix (see chapter “Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”), validation practices with soft maps produced by Land Use Cover models (see chapter “Validation of Soft Maps Produced by a Land Use Cover Change Model”), spatial metrics (see chapter “Spatial Metrics to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”), advanced pattern analysis (see chapter “Advanced Pattern Analysis to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”) and geographically weighted methods (see chapter “Geographically Weighted Methods to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”).
  • Miniatura
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    Using the European CORINE Land Cover Database: A 2011–2021 Specific Review
    (Springer, 2023) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Cocero Matesanz, David
    Land use and land cover changes (LULCC) are social, climatic and ecolog-ical changes that take place at multiple spatial and time scales. The study of these changes offers us a better understanding of the evolution of the territory and the changes that take place in its natural and cultural values. In Europe, the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database is crucially important for monitoring these changes. As of today, it includes different maps of the land uses and covers in up to 39 countries, drawn in a standardized way. Within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals proposed by United Nations Agenda 2030 on Life on Earth, CORINE can provide essential information for a full understanding of the current situation of Goal 15 (Life on Land) so as to facilitate the design of sustainable policies for spatial planning and organization. In this paper, we perform a bibliographical review of the use of the CLC database. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative analyses, we analyse 77 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, published between 2011 and 2021, which include the word “CORINE” in the title. We observe increasing interest in the use of the CLC as a means of tracking the LULCC that have taken place and their impact on environmental issues such as deforestation, the pressures on protected natural areas and the soil erosion risk, among others. Other researchers analyse the CLC itself, assessing its accuracy and applicability with other sources and databases. Most of the papers refer to the maps for the years 2000 and 2006, using Level 3 of the thematic legend to study particular issues or dynamics at a local level. As regards the location of the institutions that use the CLC, those situated in Spain, Poland and Romania stand out. There were few links between the authors of these publications.
  • Miniatura
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    Modeling Land-Use Scenarios in Protected Areas of an Urban Region in Spain
    (Springer, 2018) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Martínez Vega, Javier; Camacho Olmedo, MT; Paegelow, M; Mas, JF; Escobar, F; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120X
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    Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Depopulated Areas of Mediterranean Europe: A Case Study in Two Inland Provinces of Spain
    (MDPI, 2023-10-25) Vilar, Lara; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Fernández Portela, Julio; Cocero Matesanz, David
    Depopulation often leads to the abandonment of agricultural land and the resulting process of afforestation and reforestation. In this paper, we study the land use changes between 2000 and 2018 in two Spanish provinces, Soria and Teruel. The provinces chosen as case studies are of particular interest because they have some of the lowest population densities in Europe and continue to suffer depopulation processes that have been ongoing since the mid-20th century. The reasons for this are not immediately clear given that unlike other European regions with similar population density values, for example in Northern Scandinavia, they are not exposed to extreme climatic conditions, norare they located in isolated mountain regions. Using the CORINE Land Cover database, we observed that in both provinces, there has been an expansion in shrub and forest land uses and a decline in agriculture due largely to the fact that certain areas have been abandoned by their inhabitants, although in other parts of these provinces, the amount of land used for agriculture has increased. Urban growth over this period has been minimal. In the coming years, it seems likely that the population of these areas will continue to fall, given that the policies carried out over decades to try to revert this trend have not been successful.
  • Miniatura
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    Impacts of future land use/land cover on wildfire occurrence in the Madrid region (Spain)
    (Springer, 2016) Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Gómez, Israel; Vilar, Lara; Martínez Vega, Javier; Martín, Maria Pilar; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-1235; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120X
    This paper assesses the relative importance of socioeconomic factors linked to fire occurrence through the simulation of future land use/land cover (LULC) change scenarios in the Madrid region (Spain). This region is a clear example of the socioeconomic changes that have been occurring over recent decades in the European Mediterranean as well as their impact on LULC and fire occurrence. Using the LULC changes observed between 1990 and 2006 as a reference, future scenarios were run up to 2025 with the conversion of land use and its effects model. Simultaneously, the relationship between LULC arrangement (interfaces) and historical fire occurrence was calculated using logistic regression analysis and used to quantify changes in future fire occurrence due to projected changes in LULC interfaces. The results revealed that it is possible to explain the probability of fire occurrence using only variables obtained from LULC maps, although the explanatory power of the model is low. In this context, border areas between some LULC types are of particular interest (i.e., urban/forest, grassland/forest and agricultural/forest interfaces). Results indicated that expected LULC changes in Euro-Mediterranean regions, particularly given the foreseeable increase in the wildland¿urban interface, will substantially increase fire occurrence (up to 155 %). This underlines the importance of future LULC scenarios when planning fire prevention measures.
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    Assessing Land Use-Cover Changes and Modelling Change Scenarios in Two Mountain Spanish National Parks
    (MDPI, 2017-11-07) Martínez Vega, Javier; Díaz Martín, Andrés; Nava Rodriguez, José Miguel; Echavarría Daspet, Pilar; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-710X
    Land Use-Cover Changes (LUCCs) are one of the main problems for the preservation of biodiversity. Protected Areas (PAs) do not escape this threat. Some processes, such as intensive recreational use, forest fires or the expansion of artificial areas taking place inside and around them in response to their appeal, question their environmental sustainability and their efficiency. In this paper, we analyze the LUCCs that took place between 1990 and 2006 in two National Parks (NPs) belonging to the Spanish network and in their surroundings: Ordesa and Monte Perdido (Ordesa NP) and Sierra de Guadarrama (Guadarrama NP). We also simulate land use changes between 2006 and 2030 by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), taking into account two scenarios: trend and green. Finally, we perform a multi-temporal analysis of natural habitat fragmentation in each NP. The results show that the NPs analyzed are well-preserved and have seen hardly any significant LUCCs inside them. However, Socioeconomic Influence Zones (SIZs) and buffers are subject to different dynamics. In the SIZ and buffer of the Ordesa NP, there has been an expansion of built-up areas (annual rate of change = +1.19) around small urban hubs and ski resorts. There has also been a gradual recovery of natural areas, which had been interrupted by forest fires. The invasion of sub-alpine grasslands by shrubs is clear (+2735 ha). The SIZ and buffer of the Guadarrama NP are subject to urban sprawl in forest areas and to the construction of road infrastructures (+5549 ha and an annual rate of change = +1.20). Industrial area has multiplied by 3.3 in 20 years. The consequences are an increase in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), greater risk of forest fires and greater fragmentation of natural habitats (+0.04 in SIZ). In the change scenarios, if conditions change as expected, the specific threats facing each NP can be expected to increase. There are substantial differences between the scenarios depending on whether or not incentives are accepted and legal restrictions are respected.