Persona: Fernández Lozano, Irina
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Fernández Lozano
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Publicación If You Dare To Ask: Self-Perceived Possibilities of Spanish Fathers to Reduce Work Hours(Taylor and Francis Group, 2017-08-27) Fernández Lozano, IrinaTime scarcity is a reality for most mothers and fathers of young children who work full-time. Though the Spanish law recognises a specific right to a reduced schedule for care reasons, fathers very rarely make use of this policy. Many of them simply think that, in their current employment circumstances, they ‘can’t’ cut down on work hours. This analysis focuses on the subjective perception that employees have on their difficulty to reduce work hours. Using a nationally representative sample of Spanish employees in charge of young children, and drawing on intersectionality perspectives, we propose that several stratification systems (e.g. gender vs economic structure) overlap framing the subjective experience of how easy or difficult it is to adopt a reduced schedule. We confirm that fathers holding middle level service occupations (e.g. clerical workers) may be those who are ‘undoing gender’ at work, as they differ significantly in their perception that for them it would be difficult to reduce their work hours.Publicación El teletrabajo y las fronteras entre la vida y el trabajo durante la pandemia(Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS), 2024-01-04) Fernández Lozano, IrinaEl teletrabajo está en auge desde el estallido de la pandemia. Se trata de una forma de organizar el trabajo que presenta ventajas, pero también algunos riesgos, como la difuminación de las fronteras entre la vida personal y la profesional, que puede ser fuente de conflictos. Este estudio analiza el conflicto entre la vida familiar y el trabajo (en ambas direcciones) para una muestra de personas teletrabajadoras extraída de un estudio del CIS realizado en octubre de 2020. Se analizan tres fenómenos principales: las características de las personas que experimentan el conflicto con mayor frecuencia, la influencia del conflicto en la preferencia por el teletrabajo y la relación del teletrabajo con el conflicto intrapareja. Se confirma que el conflicto trabajo-familia, en todas sus formas, es un fenómeno altamente feminizadoPublicación El estudio de viñeta para el análisis de las contrataciones laborales: una perspectiva crítica(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2022-10-20) Martínez Pastor, Juan Ignacio; Fernández Lozano, IrinaUn estudio de viñeta es, en esencia, una encuesta diseñada ad hoc consistente en evaluar escenarios ficticios por parte de las personas encuestadas, de tal manera que de dicha evaluación se puedan inferir opiniones o actitudes que en encuestas tradicionales no suelen salir a la luz. Sus ventajas principales son dos: en primer lugar, que, en virtud del diseño de la encuesta, se eliminan las correlaciones existentes entre variables que siempre se dan en poblaciones reales, lo que permite desentrañar mejor los efectos de esas variables; y, en segundo lugar, que las personas encuestadas responden indirectamente a las preguntas de investigación, por lo que esta técnica trata de eliminar sesgos de deseabilidad social. Tras revisar las características básicas de la técnica, el artículo plantea su utilidad desde un punto de vista crítico en relación con los siguientes aspectos: con los sesgos de deseabilidad social, con el hecho de plantear situaciones hipotéticas y no analizar comportamientos reales y, sobre todo, con su validez externa cuando se aplica a colectivos muy concretos (o hasta qué punto se pueden generalizar los resultados de este tipo de estudios).Publicación Finding Time For Children. Fatherhood, Jobs and Available Time in Spain, 2003-2010(2018-09-30) Fernández Lozano, IrinaParents of young children are supposed to be interactive with, responsible for and available for their children (Lamb, Pleck and Levine 1985). This study aims at shedding light on how work schedules allows Spanish fathers to be available to take care of their children when they are not at school or childcare centres. By using time-use data, this study seeks to contribute to previous research by providing a nuanced description of how much and when work takes place throughout the day , as well as how this is associated to occupational and parental statuses, gender and the incidence of the economic recession. ‘Available time’ for the family is analysed, understood as time away from work excluding the core business hours (i.e. 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.). Results show that being a mother has still a direct reflection on time availability, while fatherhood does not. Also, time availability presents a complex relationship with the class structure, which does not seem to have been altered by recession. Finally, there seems to be a gender convergence in time availability, only due to its reduction in the case of womenPublicación Caring fathers in Europe: Toward universal caregiver families?(Wiley, 2022-12-30) Martínez Pastor, Juan Ignacio; Jurado Guerrero, Teresa; Fernández Lozano, Irina; Castellanos Serrano, CristinaIncreasingly, men are challenging the assumption that care is a feminine task and are involving themselves in childcare and the care of dependent adults. However, this does not necessarily have consequences for their work, as they very rarely make costly adaptations in their working lives. In this study, we propose a definition of a man in care (MIC) as a working father who, in order to meet care needs, has adapted his working life in a way that potentially entails a financial penalty. We analyze the prevalence of men in care among men living with children below the age of 15 across the EU-27 plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK using recent representative data (the European Labour Survey and its 2018 ad hoc module on work-life balance). We find that although the number of men engaging in costly work adaptations is still very low when compared to their female counterparts, the characteristics of these men can be clearly outlined: they have a non-manual occupation (managers excluded), they have temporary contracts or are self-employed, they are partnered to women who hold jobs of 40 or more hours a week and have a high educational attainment, and they work in family-friendly companies. Also, at the context level, the prevalence of MIC is clearly elated to gender equality and values. However, we do not find evidence of any country having reached the universal caregiver model proposed by Nancy Fraser, including those with more advanced gender and welfare regimes.Publicación The Hidden Cost of Flexibility: A Factorial Survey Experiment on Job Promotion(Oxford University Press, 2020-04) Fernández Lozano, Irina; González, Mª José; Jurado Guerrero, Teresa; Martínez Pastor, Juan IgnacioThis article analyses the role of gender, parenthood, and work flexibility measures and the mediating role of stereotypes on the likelihood of achieving an internal promotion in Spain. We hypothesize that employers favour fathers over mothers and disfavour flexible workers (flexibility stigma) because they are perceived, respectively, as less competent and less committed. We also hypothesize that employers reflect their gender values in the selection process. These hypotheses are tested using data from a survey experiment in which 71 supervisors from private companies evaluate 426 short vignettes describing six different candidates for promotion into positions that require decision-making and team supervision skills. Several candidate characteristics are experimentally manipulated, while others such as skills and experience in the company are kept constant to minimize the risk of statistical discrimination. Contrary to our expectations, fathers are not preferred in promotion, as they are not perceived as being more competent than mothers. However, we find that flexibility leads to lower promotion scores, partly due to its association with a lack of commitment. Although the statutory right to reduce working hours for care reasons seems a major social achievement, this experiment shows that mothers may be indirectly penalized, as they are the main users of this policy.Publicación Fathers as Solo Caregivers in Spain: A Choice or a Need?(SAGE Publications, 2019-05-04) Fernández Lozano, IrinaThe increase in fathers’ involvement in childcare in western societies has not translated into an equal distribution of childcare between mothers and fathers. While some couples actually succeed in “undoing gender” when the first child arrives, their characteristics that define them are not yet clear. This article provides four different explanations that contribute to understanding how parents share routine care in Spain, using a sample of dual-earner, heterosexual parents from the Spanish Time Use Survey 2010. The results show that fathers are more likely to be “equal sharers” when they: earn less than their spouse; do not hold traditionally masculine jobs (e.g. managers or blue-collar workers); have time available and, more importantly, their spouses are not available from 5 p.m. onward. In line with previous research, this study provides evidence that dismantles the “myth” that higher status employees, and/or those with college education, are more egalitarian in practice.