Persona: Pérez Molina, Clara María
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Pérez Molina
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Clara María
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Publicación RGB-D-Fusion: Image Conditioned Depth Diffusion of Humanoid Subjects(IEEE Xplore, 2023-09-04) Kirch, Sascha; Olyunina, Valeria; Ondřej, Jan; Pagés, Rafael; Martín Gutiérrez, Sergio; Pérez Molina, Clara María; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-7555; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9766-5057; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-1521; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5691-9580We present RGB-D-Fusion, a multi-modal conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model to generate high resolution depth maps from low-resolution monocular RGB images of humanoid subjects. Accurately representing the human body in 3D is a very active research field given its wide variety of applications. Most 3D reconstruction algorithms rely on depth maps, either coming from low-resolution consumer-level depth sensors, or from monocular depth estimation from standard images. While many modern frameworks use VAEs or GANs for monocular depth estimation, we leverage recent advances in the field of diffusion denoising probabilistic models. We implement a multi-stage conditional diffusion model that first generates a low-resolution depth map conditioned on an image and then upsamples the depth map conditioned on a low-resolution RGB-D image. We further introduce a novel augmentation technique, depth noise augmentation, to increase the robustness of our super-resolution model. Lastly, we show how our method performs on a wide variety of humans with different body types, clothing and poses.Publicación Smart Grid: Assessment of the past and present in developed and developing countries(ELSEVIER, 2017) Ponce Jara, Marcos Antonio; Ruiz Larrocha, Elena; Gil Ortego, Rosario; San Cristóbal Ruiz, Elio; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Castro Gil, Manuel Alonso; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-4740The modern struggle to generate electricity reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions has found an ally in Smart Grid technology. This new trend involves a renewed perspective on how to generate, transmit, distribute and manage electricity networks, which not only helps to reduce power demand and cost, but can also improve efficiency, reliability, quality and security. This paper aims to study comprehensively the Smart Grid power system by comparing experiences and success stories from around the world. Developed countries, like the United States and those in the European Union, and developing countries, like India and Brazil, have been taken as examples of the current development and state of the Smart Grid concept. Europe and the U.S. lead the development of Smart Grids systems, while Brazil and India strongly depend on foreign technology and investment for their development in their countries. Climate change represents an extra challenge for developing countries, in addition to other issues related to economic and social advancement. Nevertheless, Smart Grids offer an array of possibilities and opportunities that work towards climate change international goals. However, state motivations and national energy resources limit the advancement of Smart Grids on this matter.Publicación Optimized design method for storage systems in photovoltaic plants with delivery limitation(Elsevier, 2019-03-01) Colmenar Santos, Antonio; Mario Monteagudo Mencucci; Enrique Rosales-Asensio; Miguel de Simón Martín; Pérez Molina, Clara MaríaIt results widely common for distribution network operators to impose restrictions on delivered solar photovoltaic generated power when the power plant rated power is greater than the maximum allowed due to the distribution network capacity. Thus, a feasible solution to maximize the performance of the solar power plant is the integration of battery energy storage systems. Although this configuration has been extensively studied in the existing literature, an optimal design method to determine the proper size and operation of the energy storage system needs to be developed. In this paper, a novel method to help power plants designers to determine the optimal battery energy storage capacity to integrate into any solar photovoltaic power plant is provided. The proposed algorithm minimizes the potential power curtailment and optimizes the utilization rate of the batteries storage system. The algorithm can be applied to any grid connected solar photovoltaic power plant under delivery power restrictions, regardless of power capacity and location. The algorithm has been implemented to a simulated power plant with delivery limitations based in a real case, and results with the optimal battery capacity show that the system would be able to recover up to the 83% of the curtailed energy and a yearly average capacity utilization of 56%. Moreover, the BESS operation has been validated with a scaled model run in Simulink and laboratory measurements, achieving 98% of curtailed energy recovery rate and a 57% of average capacity utilization.Publicación Study on the economics of wind energy through cryptocurrency(Elsevier, 2022-11-02) Vega Marcosa, Raúl; Colmenar Santosa, Antonio; Mur Péreza, Francisco; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Rosales Asensio, EnriqueThe Green Pact signed by the European Union establishes a trend towards renewable energies to combat the greenhouse gas emissions. Among the technologies used to produce this type of energy, wind power generation technology stands out, which, in countries such as Spain, already has significant installed power. The main problems posed by this technology plans are the uncertainty intervals of wind power and its inclusion in the electricity market, due to the complex price system that does not always favor the producers. The main purpose of this research is to promote the installation of more wind power plants. For this, the installation of cryptocurrency mining equipment is proposed, which will be powered by the generation produced by these wind power plants. The article analyzes the production of cryptocurrencies is a growing business. In the research process, the latest cryptocurrency mining equipment is evaluated. It is analyzed which equipment is the most suitable for its installation in the wind power plant and an economic study is made for the construction project of a large wind power plant. Finally, it will be seen that in this way the amortization time of the facilities decreases and also the project is more attractive for the investor since they can decide between injecting energy into the electrical network or mining cryptocurrencies. If a wind power plant invests in cryptocurrency mining in parallel to the production of electrical energy for the grid, it can decide when to enter the electricity market pool or engage in mining. In this way, the idea of building many more wind power plants becomes more attractive. This would lead to a market where this renewable energy would be much more abundant and the price curve would shift to a lower price, as well as a significant reduction in greenhouse emissions.Publicación Halloween Educational Robotics(IEEE Xplore, 2021-03-30) Menacho, Antonio; Plaza, Pedro; Sancristóbal, Elio; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Blazquez, Manuel; Pancorbo Castro, Manuel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-4250; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-977X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-4155; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-4235; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-4250Today’s society is facing new challenges and opportunities that demand professional profiles specialized in problem solving, with the ability to innovate and exploit the possibilities offered by information and communication technologies (ICTs). Far from being a novelty, the term STEM was coined in the mid-1990s. From then until now, there are a multitude of initiatives focusing on working STEM education with students. In recent years, the use of the arts as an enhancer of the educational experience has been incorporated into STEM education. There has also been a focus on involving the student in the educational process. Despite this, few experiences have been detected in which parents are involved in the educational process. Throughout this work, it is shown the pilot experience which has been developed to motivate parents to be part of the learning process in science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) subjects.Publicación Techno-economic analysis of a heat and power combination system based on hybrid photovoltaic-fuel cell systems using hydrogen as an energy vector(Elsevier, 2021-06-01) Peláez Peláez, Sofía; Colmenar Santos, Antonio; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Ana-Esther RosalesA techno-economic assessment is conducted for a hybrid combined generation system based on renewable storage technologies such as those offered by fuel cells and using hydrogen as a fuel, which is considered to be a sustainable energy vector. The proposed system consists of three subsystems: a photovoltaic system, which generates electrical energy through solar energy; the system for the generation, consumption and storage of hydrogen, where an electrolyzer is available to obtain hydrogen from water; the fuel cell, which will generate electrical and heat energy and a hydrogen tank to store the hydrogen; and a thermal system, consisting of a Heat Recovery Steam System and an absorption chiller where the thermal energy from the heat cell will be used for the thermal load. The electrical energy generated by the fuel cell serves as a support for the solar energy when, for whatever reason, it cannot meet the demand. The economic assessment, performed using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software, shows that the net present cost of the optimized system is $1,006,293 and the cost of energy $0.8399/kWh. The research here presented proved that, although this system is not economically viable at present, it is technically possible.Publicación Analysis on the electric vehicle with a hybrid storage system and the use of Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)(Elsevier, 2021-11) Molina Ibáñeza, Enrique Luis; Rosales Asensio, Enrique; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Mur Péreza, Francisco; Colmenar Santos, AntonioGiven the current load and power density limitations in electric vehicle (EV) storage systems, it is necessary to study hybrid and control systems in order to optimize their performance and present themselves as a real alternative to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This implies the development of legislation and specific regulations that enable the research and development of these storage and management systems for hybrid systems. The research presented here aims to analyze the implementation of the SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) energy storage system for the future of electric vehicles. To do this, the need for a hybrid storage system has been taken into account, with several regulatory options, such as the reduction of rates or the promotion of private investments, which allow the technological development of EVs. What is sought is to achieve the market share proposed by the different countries to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG), according to their objectives. This approach must be taken from the legislative and regulatory perspective, specific to EVs and charging points, of several countries or regions with different cultures, management models and implementation potential, such as the United States of America (USA), Europe and China. This analysis is associated with the economic study of costs that this storage system may involve in the implementation of EVs to replace ICE vehicles, resulting in possible economic benefits as well as the environmental benefits of the use of EVs. In this analysis, the current high cost of using a hybrid system of these characteristics can be observed with the comparison of three EVs, as well as current data on GHG emissions produced by transport. All this leads to a series of advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account in order to achieve the objectives that countries have in the coming decades of EV diffusion.Publicación Teaching Using Collaborative Research Projects: Experiences with Adult Learners in Distance Education(MDPI, 2021-09-18) Enrique Rosales Asensio; Sierra García, José Carlos; Pérez Molina, Clara María; Jesús Romero Mayoral; Colmenar Santos, AntonioThis research studies the acquisition and improvement of specific cognitive, functional, and social competencies of the students enrolled in a university module in which we applied Collaborative Research Project (CRP) strategy. The module was Research Methodology for a master’s degree in research in electrical engineering, electronics and industrial control given at the National Distance Education University (UNED) in Spain. This practice was applied to a research project in which the private sector was interested in. We have been aiming at increasing academia–industry interaction while promoting active learning; both are principles advocated by the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Having applied this strategy, the module learning outcomes were evaluated following the guideline standards set by the National Agency for Quality Assessment of Universities (ANECA) of the Spanish Government. The results from this evaluation indicated that CRP, even when carried out by using distance learning, has encouraged the students’ interest in both research and the module. It has also fostered collaboration between students and lecturers while increasing their degree of satisfaction. We highlight the difficulties in merging all the outcomes from the students’ research as the main drawback.